Hardware tamper standard

Cal. Elec. Code § 19323 requires the elections official to deliver to each polling place 'one envelope containing the seal for sealing the machine after the polls are closed.' Combined with § 19320 (machine preparation procedures), § 15279 (sealing ballots in 'strong envelope' with all precinct-board signatures), § 18564 (felony penalty for tampering), § 19006/§ 19101 (statewide certification standards and ongoing testing), CA codifies tamper-evident seals PLUS logged inspection — ordinal level 4.

The statute mandates tamper-evident seals on ballot drop boxes and requires detailed logging of retrieval activities (date, time, person's name), satisfying the tamper-evident-plus-logged standard. However, it does not mandate tamper-responsive auto-quarantine features that would automatically quarantine compromised ballots, which would be required for a score of 5.

The section mandates tamper-proof ballot security containers with approved security mechanisms and requires logging of container numbers, security mechanism identifiers, sealing person, and time. This satisfies the tamper-evident requirement with documented logging, matching a score of 4 (tamper-evident + logged).

“Each tamper-proof ballot security container must be secured with the security mechanism supplied or approved by the Secretary of State before leaving the voting place. Each sealed container must be recorded on a certificate identifying the container number, any unique numbers associated with the security mechanism and the person sealing the container and the time of sealing.”

The section mandates tamper-evident seals on electronic ballot counting devices and requires detailed logging of seal breaks through activity logs maintained by clerks, with witness requirements and moderator certification. This satisfies the tamper-evident requirement with comprehensive logging, placing it at level 4 on the ordinal scale, though it does not appear to mandate automatic quarantine upon tamper detection.

“Each electronic ballot counting device shall have a removable memory device which can be secured in the device with a tamper evident seal that will disclose unauthorized access to the hardware and software inside the device.”

KRS 117.076(10)-(12) codifies a tamper-evidence regime: voting equipment used for in-person absentee voting must remain locked with a 'tamper-resistant seal,' and before and after each day the seal must be checked, recorded, and witnessed by an election official of a different political party, with irregularities reported to the county or Attorney General. KRS 117.155 requires the county clerk to lock the operating mechanism and cover it with a tamper-resistant seal; KRS 117.295 imposes a 30-day post-election equipment lockdown under continuous video surveillance. Mandatory tamper-evident sealing codified (ordinal 3/5).

The statute mandates tamper-evident seals (envelopes with signatures across the seal) for election records, which satisfies the basic tamper-evident requirement. However, it does not mandate tamper-responsive systems or logging mechanisms beyond the signature protocol, falling short of the higher ordinal levels.

“the inspectors and any poll watchers present shall sign across the seal”

The statute mandates that the special envelope containing electoral records be sealed (lacrado), sealed again (sellado), and signed (firmado) by table authorities and observers. These measures—sealing and signing—constitute tamper-evident standards that would reveal any unauthorized opening or tampering. However, the provision does not specify automatic logging of access attempts or tamper-responsive quarantine mechanisms, placing it at level 2 (tamper-evident seals required).

The section mandates that ballot return envelopes be tamper evident when properly sealed, which matches the level 2 requirement (tamper-evident seals required). However, the statute does not address logged inspection of tampering or auto-quarantine procedures, so it does not reach levels 4 or 5.

“Ensure that the ballot return envelopes are of a type that does not reveal the voter's selections or political party affiliation and that is tamper evident when properly sealed.”

The statute requires ballots to be placed in a container with a 'numbered seal,' which provides basic tamper-evident functionality through numbered seals. However, the statute does not mandate tamper-responsive mechanisms, logging of seal integrity, or automatic quarantine procedures. It addresses only the lower end of tamper-evidence standards.

Article 60 of the Electoral Code codifies tamper-evident seals: CEC-approved samples of electoral-commission and individual-member seals, plus ballot-box seals. Reinforced by Article 61 (ballot papers, envelopes, self-adhesive stamps, and seals stored in a 'fire-resistant safe' in the voting room) and Article 64 (pre-vote sealing procedure on voting day at 7:00 in plain view of commission members). Ordinal level 2: tamper-evident seals required.

“Samples of the seals of electoral commissions and of the individual seals of”

The section mandates that ballot boxes must be sealed at the end of each day and prohibits opening except as allowed by law, establishing basic tamper-evident protection through the seal requirement. However, the text does not specify tamper-responsive features, automatic logging, or auto-quarantine mechanisms; it addresses physical sealing but not the technical standard or evidence-of-tampering documentation.

The section requires election materials to be transmitted in sealed envelopes (versiegelten Umschlag), which constitutes a tamper-evident seal requirement. However, the statute does not mandate logging of seal integrity checks or tamper-responsive automatic quarantine mechanisms, placing it at the tamper-evident level without additional security layers.

“verschlossen und womöglich im versiegelten Umschlag zu übermitteln”

Article 53 codifies sealing for early-voting ballot boxes (envelopes sealed by precinct commission member, signed). Article 50 codifies polling-day procedure with ballot-box sealing 'no later than'. Article 13 (transparency in preparation) reinforces. Ordinal level 2: tamper-evident seals codified.

The statute mandates sealing of the ballot box (urne) and specifies sealed envelopes for ballot materials, which constitutes a tamper-evident requirement. However, the law does not specify technical standards for the seals, logging mechanisms, or any tamper-responsive procedures beyond physical sealing.

The statute requires that ballot boxes be sealed (lacrada) before delivery to the electoral judge, which establishes a basic tamper-evident requirement through physical sealing. However, the text does not specify tamper-responsive systems, logging of seal integrity, or automated quarantine procedures.

“esta fechada, lacrada e entregue ao juiz eleitoral”

The section mandates that ballot boxes be transparent and sealed with paper tape stamped with the precinct electoral commission's seal and signed by commission members present. This establishes a tamper-evident seal requirement through physical sealing and official markings, satisfying the baseline tamper-evident standard without logging or auto-quarantine provisions.

The section mandates that ballot boxes be sealed with seals provided by the Chief Electoral Officer, which satisfies the requirement for tamper-evident measures. However, the statute does not specify the technical standard of those seals, does not require logging of seal integrity checks, and does not establish tamper-responsive protocols such as automatic quarantine.

“seal the ballot box with the seals provided by the Chief Electoral Officer”

The statute requires election judges to inspect voting machine components and verify that seals are intact, which implies tamper-evident seals are in use. However, the section does not explicitly mandate tamper-evident standards, does not require logging of seal inspections, and does not establish tamper-responsive mechanisms or auto-quarantine procedures.

“ensure that seals are intact”

The statute requires seals for voting tabulators, which is a tamper-evident measure, but does not specify technical standards, logging requirements, or tamper-responsive features such as auto-quarantine. The requirement is basic physical sealing without additional safeguards.

“two seals for sealing the tabulator”

The statute mandates security mailing envelopes designed to protect against tampering and ensure detection if tampering occurs, which aligns with a tamper-evident standard. However, the law does not specify particular technical standards, does not require logging or documentation of seal integrity checks, and does not mandate tamper-responsive measures such as automatic quarantine.

“security mailing envelopes, designed to securely protect the contents thereof from tampering, removal, or substitution without detection”

§ 45(2) codifies that 'ballot boxes shall be constructed so that no ballot can be taken out without opening the ballot box. Ballot boxes shall be capable of being locked or sealed' (Stemmekasser skal kunne låses eller forsegles). Polling-station rooms must also be arranged so no one can see how the voter votes. § 74 codifies sealed packaging of ballots after count. Tamper-evident regime codified.

§ 36 of the Riigikogu Election Act requires voting-district committees to inspect and seal ballot boxes before voting opens and to seal the openings of advance-voting boxes after voting closes — tamper-evident sealing is mandated. No tamper-responsive auto-quarantine or codified seal-logging regime, so this maps to the 'seals required' level.

“Voting district committees inspect and seal ballot boxes before the voting opens.”

§ 64 codifies that approved ballot envelopes be placed 'in durable packaging, SEALED in the manner prescribed by the Ministry of Justice' with marked address/contents/sender. § 74 (not in FTS top-5 for this datapoint) codifies that the polling-committee chair must show the ballot box is EMPTY before voting and seal it; it may not be reopened until counting. § 99 codifies sealed custody after the result. § 70 codifies preparatory measures. Tamper-evident regime codified.

“Muissa kuin kunnallisvaaleissa kunnan keskusvaalilautakunnan on laitettava hyväksytyt vaalikuoret kestävään päällykseen, joka sinetöidään oikeusministeriön määräämällä tavalla”

The section mandates that voting materials and data be preserved 'under seals' (sous scellés) in a secure location, which constitutes a tamper-evident requirement through physical sealing. However, the text does not specify logged access, monitoring, or tamper-responsive auto-quarantine mechanisms, limiting the standard to basic tamper-evident measures.

“les fichiers supports comprenant la copie des programmes sources et des programmes exécutables, les matériels de vote, les fichiers d'émargement, de résultats et de sauvegarde ainsi que l'ensemble des données à caractère personnel enregistrées sur le traitement prévu à l'article R. 176-3 sont conservés sous scellés, dans un lieu sécurisé”

Election Code Article 68 codifies tamper-evident seal verification: 'The PEC chairperson shall check the seal integrity on a ballot box in the presence of PEC members and persons authorised to be present at a polling place. If the seal integrity is lost but a PEC considers that this has not led to violation of the rules' — codified procedure. Reinforced by Article 62 (polling-day log-book of all incidents), Article 67 (pre-opening procedure), Article 66 (mobile ballot-box sealing/return). Ordinal level 2: tamper-evident seals required.

§ 21-2-328 codifies delivery, set up, and sealing of voting machines. § 21-2-454 codifies that after polls close 'the poll officers shall immediately lock and seal the operating lever or mechanism of the machine so that the voting' results are preserved. § 21-2-450 codifies that 'the seals of the package furnished by the superintendent shall be publicly broken at the opening of the polls.' § 21-2-329 codifies key delivery to chief manager. Tamper-evident sealing required throughout.

“The superintendent shall deliver the proper voting machine or voting machines, properly furnished with ballot labels, to the polling places of the respective precincts at least one”

The statute requires ballot boxes to be capable of being locked or sealed, which provides a basic tamper-evident mechanism. However, the section does not specify logging, monitoring, or automatic response protocols, nor does it mandate tamper-responsive features that would automatically quarantine compromised hardware.

The statute mandates that ballots be sealed in containers and that unsealing/resealing occur only as prescribed by rules, which implies tamper-evident controls. However, the section does not explicitly specify tamper-evident seals, tamper-responsive systems, or logging requirements—it delegates these details to administrative rules rather than mandating specific hardware standards in statute.

“After all the ballots have been tabulated they shall be sealed in containers. Thereafter, these containers shall be unsealed and resealed only as prescribed by rules governing elections.”

The section mandates tamper-evident seals on ballot boxes that leave visible traces if opened, which directly satisfies the tamper-evident standard at level 2. However, there is no requirement for logging of tampering events or auto-quarantine mechanisms, so the score does not reach higher levels.

The statute requires ballot boxes to be locked and secured with numbered seals, which constitutes a tamper-evident mechanism (seals would show if broken). However, it does not mandate tamper-responsive systems or automatic quarantine procedures, nor does it explicitly require logging of seal integrity checks beyond maintaining a record of seal numbers. This satisfies the basic tamper-evident requirement but falls short of higher standards.

“The ballot boxes used for casting early ballots shall remain locked and secured with a numbered seal until the time of tabulation on election day”

The section requires inspection and certification that electronic poll book seals show no evidence of tampering before polls open, which mandates tamper-evident seals. However, it does not require logging of tamper events or any tamper-responsive quarantine mechanism—only notification to the election board if tampering is detected.

“shows no evidence of tampering”

The statute mandates sealing of postal voter ballot boxes with multiple official seals, which constitutes a tamper-evident measure (seals would show evidence of tampering). However, it does not specify tamper-responsive features, automated logging, or quarantine procedures, so it falls short of the higher ordinal levels.

“shall be sealed with the seal of the returning officer and the seals of such of the agents as desire to affix their seals”

The statute requires ballots to be placed in sealed bags or sacks with sealing methods approved by the secretary of state, which suggests tamper-evident seals are contemplated. However, the section does not explicitly mandate tamper-evident or tamper-responsive standards, nor does it require logging or auto-quarantine features. The standard is implicit rather than explicitly stated.

“Such bags or sacks shall be sealed and appropriately labeled. The method of sealing and labeling shall be a method approved by the secretary of state and directed by the county election officer.”

The statute requires checking for 'seals or stamps on the ballot-boxes,' which indicates tamper-evident measures are mandated. However, the section does not specify logging of seal integrity checks or any tamper-responsive auto-quarantine mechanism, so it does not reach the higher levels of the ordinal scale.

“shall check the ballot-boxes for availability or absence of ballots in them, integrity of ballot-boxes, seals or stamps on the ballot-boxes”

§ 36 of the Saeima Election Law requires all ballot papers and ballot envelopes plus the vote-counting report to be packaged and sealed after the count, with a reference in the election procedure log; § 18 has ballot boxes sealed before voting. Tamper-evident sealing is mandated, but without logged tamper-response or auto-quarantine.

“shall be packaged and sealed.”

§ 51 (referendums) and the parallel Seimas-law provisions require the polling-district committee to verify each ballot box is empty and seal it before voting starts, with sealed ballot transfer to the constituency committee for counting. Tamper-evident seals; level 2.

“shall make sure that the ballot box is empty and shall seal”

The statute mandates tamper-evident seals on voting machine ports as a required component of voting system security. This directly satisfies the baseline requirement for tamper-evident hardware standards, corresponding to score level 2. The statute does not require logging of seal status or tamper-responsive auto-quarantine functionality, so a higher score is not warranted.

The statute mandates that ballot packages be sealed and stamped with the municipal or presidential seal, which constitutes a tamper-evident measure. However, there is no requirement for logging/monitoring of tampering attempts or automated quarantine procedures, so the standard does not reach the higher ordinal levels.

“un paquet scellé et cacheté du sceau communal ou de celui du président”

The section mandates that ballot boxes must be sealed by the electoral bureau president before voting begins, which constitutes a tamper-evident measure. However, it does not specify logged records of sealing, inspection, or tamper incidents, nor does it establish tamper-responsive mechanisms that would automatically quarantine compromised equipment.

The section requires seals on ballot boxes and allows objection if they appear tampered with, indicating a tamper-evident system is contemplated. However, it does not explicitly mandate tamper-evident standards, specify technical requirements, or establish logging or auto-quarantine procedures.

“Any party delegate, candidate or agent may, prior to the opening of the ballot box, make representations claiming that the seals of the box have been tampered with.”

The statute mandates tamper-evident sealing of ballot containers using durable material seals and election officer seals, which satisfies the basic requirement for tamper-evident standards. However, the statute does not require logging of seal integrity or tamper-responsive auto-quarantine procedures, falling short of the higher ordinal levels.

“cause all ballots cast to be publicly enclosed in an envelope or container and sealed up with a seal of durable material provided therefor and also with the private seal of any election officer who may desire to affix the same”

The statute requires ballot containers to be capable of being sealed with a metal seal, which is a tamper-evident measure. However, it does not mandate tamper-responsive systems with automatic quarantine or comprehensive logging of seal integrity, falling short of the higher ordinal levels. The requirement for metal seals aligns with level 2 (tamper-evident seals required).

“It is capable of being sealed with a metal seal.”

§ 204C.25 codifies that after the count, ballots are 'placed' and sealed in the presence of all election judges. § 204C.28 codifies county-auditor custody of returns. § 204B.40 codifies 22-month retention of election materials. § 203B.21 codifies absentee-ballot envelope form. § 203B.08 codifies absentee-ballot marking/return. Tamper-evident handling codified; reinforced by § 206.845 (system security).

The statute mandates tamper-evident seals (numbered metal seals placed on ballot boxes) and requires a separate record of seal numbers to be kept by the clerk. However, there is no explicit requirement for logging when seals are inspected or broken, nor any tamper-responsive automatic quarantine mechanism. The tamper-evident component satisfies part of the criterion but falls short of the full logging requirement.

The statute mandates tamper-evident seals on containers used to transport ballot cards and write-in forms, requiring that seals be broken beyond repair if opened. However, the provision does not require tamper-responsive systems that automatically quarantine compromised equipment, nor does it mandate logging of tamper events beyond the statement required when a container arrives unsealed.

“The container shall be securely sealed in such a manner that if the container is opened, the seal will be broken beyond repair.”

The section requires checking seals on ballot boxes before opening them, which indicates a tamper-evident standard (seals that show if boxes have been opened). However, the statute does not specify what happens if seals are found to be broken, nor does it mandate any logging or auto-quarantine procedures, limiting the score to the basic tamper-evident level.

Montana requires election materials and ballot containers to be sealed, with each election judge signing across all seals (§ 13-15-205) and sealed packages openable only by court order (§ 13-15-108); voting systems must be 'protected from tampering' (§ 13-17-103). Tamper-evident seals are mandated — no tamper-responsive auto-quarantine. Level 2.

“Each election judge shall sign the judge's name across all seals.”

The statute mandates that programming boards and related materials be sealed and stored, which establishes a tamper-evident seal requirement. However, there is no mention of logged access, documentation of seal integrity checks, or tamper-responsive measures such as automatic quarantine of compromised equipment.

“All tapes, programming boards, and other materials used with vote counting devices for the election shall be sealed and stored with the ballots and election materials for that election for the amount of time required by law.”

This section mandates that sealed containers be used and that their seal numbers be recorded, which supports tamper-evident requirements (scoring level 2). However, it does not establish detailed tamper-evident standards, nor does it require logging beyond recording receipt, nor does it provide for tamper-responsive auto-quarantine. The section references other statutes (NRS 293.462 and others) that may contain the actual seal standards, but this section itself only requires recording of seal numbers upon receipt.

The statute mandates tamper-evident seals on voting machines and emergency ballot boxes with numbered seals and requires inspection to verify seal integrity before opening. However, it does not require logging of tamper events or automatic quarantine procedures (tamper-responsive mechanisms), limiting it to a basic tamper-evident standard.

“The keys to the voting machine shall be delivered to the district election officers in any manner that the county board of elections or the superintendent of elections or the municipal clerk, as the case may be, having custody of voting machines, may determine, at least three-quarters of an hour before the time set for opening the polls, in a sealed envelope, on which shall be written or printed the number and location of the voting machine, the number of the seal with which it is sealed, the number of the green seal with which the emergency ballot box is sealed, and the number registered on the protective counter or device, as reported by the custodian.”

The statute mandates tamper-evident seals (numbered metal seals) on voting machines that must be broken to operate the machine, satisfying the basic tamper-evident requirement. However, there is no requirement for logging or tamper-responsive features like auto-quarantine, so the score does not reach the higher levels.

§ 7-207 codifies preparation of voting/ballot-counting machines with party-representative observers — tamper-evident procedure for machine prep. § 7-202(g) (not in FTS top-5 for this datapoint) mandates locks 'to absolutely secure the voting or registering mechanism and prevent the recording of additional votes' + § 7-202(f) protective + public counters. Reinforced by § 8-510 (challenge-report completion) and § 9-106 (ballot accounting). Ordinal level 2 — tamper-evident required, but not full tamper-responsive attestation.

§ 16.1-15-08 codifies that 'each wrapper must be sealed securely in a manner prescribed by the county auditor so the wrappers cannot be opened without an obvious and permanent breaking of the seal' — tamper-EVIDENT seal standard explicitly codified. § 16.1-15-04 codifies that ballots may not be sealed nor canvass report signed until totals reconcile. § 16.1-06-18 codifies ballot delivery procedure. § 16.1-13-21 codifies opening of sealed ballot packages at polling place. Ordinal level 2: tamper-evident multi-seal regime codified.

The statute mandates tamper-evident seals for ballot containers and sealed pollbooks/tally sheets that cannot be opened without visible breaking, satisfying the basic tamper-evident requirement. However, the section does not require logging of seal breaks or tamper-responsive auto-quarantine mechanisms, falling short of the higher ordinal levels.

The statute mandates tamper-evident seals for voting devices, ballot boxes, transfer cases, and election results storage media, which satisfies the tamper-evident component (score 2). However, the section does not address logging mechanisms or tamper-responsive auto-quarantine features, so it does not reach the higher ordinal levels.

The statute mandates that election officers seal the voting machine and sign a certificate documenting the seal number, which establishes a tamper-evident seal requirement. However, there is no mention of tamper-responsive features, automatic quarantine, or logging mechanisms beyond the basic certificate.

Article 47§2 mandates that the electoral commission seal (zapieczętowuje) the ballot box opening when voting is interrupted or postponed. This requirement for sealing constitutes a tamper-evident standard, as the seal would provide visible evidence of any unauthorized access to the urn.

The section mandates that remaining ballots be placed in properly sealed packages (devidamente lacrados), which is a tamper-evident seal requirement. However, there is no mention of logging, monitoring, or tamper-responsive auto-quarantine mechanisms, placing it at the tamper-evident level without additional safeguards.

“Os restantes boletins de voto são colocados em pacotes devidamente lacrados”

The section mandates tamper-evident seals (adhesive labels signed in ink by board members) for ballot storage containers, which satisfies the baseline tamper-evident requirement. However, it does not require logging of seal integrity checks, chain-of-custody records, or any tamper-responsive automated quarantine mechanism, falling short of the higher ordinal levels.

“shall place all ballots received from mail voters together with the certified envelopes containing the ballots in a steel box or package and shall seal the ballots and envelopes in open meetings of the board by affixing at least four (4) adhesive labels, and the members of the board shall sign the labels by affixing their signatures in ink to each of the labels”

The section mandates tamper-evident seals on ballot boxes and control stamps, with disappearance of stamps recorded in the official report. However, it provides only for detection and documentation of tampering (tamper-evident), not for automated response mechanisms or comprehensive logging beyond the report.

“sigileaza urna, introduce stampilele cu menţiunea «VOTAT» într-un plic care se sigileaza prin aplicarea ştampilei de control a secţiei de votare. Dispariţia uneia sau a mai multor ştampile se consemnează în procesul-verbal”

Article 68(1) codifies: 'Vote counting shall be open and transparent, with all actions and results of the counting of ballots and votes of voters... openly and transparently announced.' Article 64 codifies the voting procedure including sealed ballot boxes. Article 67 codifies the precinct protocol. Article 65 codifies early voting with seal requirements. Ordinal level 2: tamper-evident seals required.

The section mandates examination of seals on ballot boxes and containers to verify their integrity, which implies tamper-evident seals are expected. However, it does not explicitly require tamper-evident seals, does not mandate logging of seal status, and does not provide for automated responses to tampering. The provision addresses verification of existing seals but falls short of a comprehensive tamper standard.

“the counting officer must examine whether the seals are intact on those items”

The statute mandates that voting machines be locked or sealed with numbered seals in the presence of party representatives, which establishes a tamper-evident mechanism. However, the section does not specify automated logging of seal integrity checks, chain-of-custody documentation requirements, or any tamper-responsive quarantine procedures—only the initial sealing and certification process.

“it must be locked or sealed with a numbered seal in their presence”

§ 12-16-26 codifies tamper-evident ballot-box construction: 'Ballot boxes shall be so constructed to preclude the removal of any material therefrom except by means of an opening which may be secured in the closed position by means of a metal seal which will preclude opening of the box without the destruction of the seal.' § 12-20-20 codifies sealing of ballot boxes after counting. § 12-20-21 codifies sealed return to officer in charge. § 12-21-33 codifies separate sealing of disputed ballots. § 12-21-29 codifies sealed-ballot recount procedure. Comprehensive tamper-evident regime codified.

“Ballot boxes shall be so constructed to preclude the removal of any material therefrom except by means of an opening which may be secured in the closed position by means of a metal seal which will preclude opening of the box without the destruction of the seal”

The statute requires sending voting envelopes with 'adequate security systems' to overseas voters, which indicates some tamper-prevention standard. However, the text does not specify whether these are tamper-evident seals, tamper-responsive mechanisms, or logged systems—it merely mandates generic security systems without technical detail.

“sistemas de seguridad adecuados”

9 kap. 15 § codifies that 'if vote-reception is interrupted, each ballot urn and the electoral roll shall be sealed and stored securely. When vote-reception is to continue, the vote-receivers shall first show those present that the seals have not been opened.' 9 kap. 3 § codifies that the presiding vote-receiver must show those present that each urn is EMPTY before vote-reception begins. 13 kap. 6 § makes improperly-stored ballots invalid. Comprehensive tamper-evident regime codified.

“Om röstmottagningen avbryts skall varje valurna och röstlängden förseglas och förvaras på ett säkert sätt. När röstmottagningen skall fortsätta, skall röstmottagarna först visa dem som är närvarande att förseglingarna inte har öppnats.”

The statute mandates that voting machines be sealed with pre-numbered seals before an election, which is a tamper-evident mechanism. However, there is no requirement for logging or monitoring of seal integrity during voting, and no tamper-responsive or auto-quarantine system. The provision requires documentation of seal numbers but does not establish ongoing tamper detection or automated response protocols.

“each machine sealed with a pre-numbered seal”

§ 127.065 requires ballot boxes to be locked and sealed 'so that the box cannot be opened without breaking the seal,' with § 127.064 mandating serially numbered seals and a preserved seal-number record. § 127.066 requires sealing the deposit slot with signatures of the judge, a clerk and watchers; § 127.068 requires inspecting the box and both seals and matching the seal serial number on receipt at the counting station. § 127.123 protects the tabulation program from tampering in a sealed container. Mandatory tamper-evident sealing codified (ordinal 2/5 — tamper-evident ballot custody, not a voting-equipment hardware tamper standard).

“seal it so that the box cannot be opened without breaking the seal”

Law 298 Article 77 mandates that the ballot-box committee chair seals the empty ballot box with the committee seal in such a way that it cannot be opened without breaking the seal — a tamper-evident-seal requirement. Reinforced by Article 27 of Law 2839 (sealed/numbered paper packets), Article 68 (clear plastic sealable boxes), Article 46 of Law 2820 (sealed party ballots), Article 19 of Law 2972 (sealed EVET/TERCİH stamps).

The section mandates tamper-evident seals on ballot boxes—a seal must be placed such that opening the box breaks it, making tampering visually apparent. However, the provision does not address logging, monitoring, or automated response systems, and it predates modern tamper-responsive technology standards.

“shall then lock it up and place his seal on it in such a manner as to prevent its being opened without breaking the seal”

The section requires ballots to be placed in a sealed container, which constitutes a tamper-evident measure. However, it does not specify logging of seal integrity, monitoring for tampering, or any responsive auto-quarantine mechanisms, so it does not meet the higher standards on the ordinal scale.

“place a copy of the forms described in Subsection (3)(a) and the voted ballots in a sealed container”

§ 2590 codifies a tamper-evident ballot-custody regime: after the count, ballots, tally sheets, and checklists are placed in sealed containers delivered to the town clerk. § 2602h requires recording the seal number on the summary sheet, and § 2493(a)(2) requires vote tabulators to be 'locked in a vault or a secure location at all times when not in use.' Mandatory tamper-evident sealing codified (ordinal 2/5 — tamper-evident ballot custody, not a voting-equipment hardware tamper standard).

The section requires that voting machines be sealed with numbered seals or locked with a key, which constitutes a tamper-evident mechanism. However, it does not require logged records of seal status or any tamper-responsive automated systems—only that representatives certify the seal/counter numbers. This satisfies the basic tamper-evident requirement but falls short of more robust standards.

“it shall be sealed with a numbered seal in their presence, or if the machine cannot be sealed with a numbered seal, it shall be locked with a key”

The statute mandates tamper-evident seals (uniquely numbered seals) on voting devices and requires a record of programming, which addresses the basic tamper-evident requirement. However, the statute does not require logging of seal integrity checks or tamper-responsive automatic quarantine mechanisms, falling short of the higher ordinal levels.

“after being prepared for a primary or election, each device shall be sealed with a uniquely numbered seal”

The statute mandates sealing of vote-recording devices, electronic poll books, and ballot packages to prevent tampering and unauthorized use prior to polls opening. This reflects a tamper-evident seal requirement. However, the statute does not require logging of seal breaks or tamper-responsive auto-quarantine mechanisms, limiting the score to 2 on the ordinal scale.

“At the time of the delivery the device and electronic poll books are to be sealed to prevent any use prior to the opening of the polls and the ballots are to be packaged and sealed to prevent any tampering with the ballots.”

Wis. Stat. § 5.85 codifies ballot/equipment handling at the polling place under canvass procedures. § 7.25 codifies voting-machine officials' duties including 'setting, adjusting, and putting the machine in order.' § 7.51 codifies local board of canvassers' procedures. § 7.52 codifies absentee-ballot canvassing custody. Combined: tamper-evident sealing of materials required (ordinal level 2).

Wyoming law mandates tamper-evident seals—numbered metal seals that must be broken to operate the machine, and the seal number is recorded on a certificate. However, the statute does not require logging of tamper events or tamper-responsive automatic quarantine; it only requires that seals be checked and documented.

“The seal shall be so placed as to prevent operation of the machine or its registering counters without breaking the seal.”

10 ILCS 5/17-3 codifies physical ballot-box procedures (public opening, locking, key-custody by a single judge); applies to permanent/non-permanent box variants. Procedural, not a hardware standard.

“Before voting begins, the ballot box shall be publicly opened and exhibited”

§ 6-5 codifies that 'ballot urns used during voting shall be sealed' (Valgurner som brukes ved stemmingen, skal være forseglet). § 6-13 codifies secure storage and transport of election material. Sealed-urn mandate is statutorily codified though brief — ordinal level 1 (sealed required, no tamper-evident multi-seal regime specified).

“Valgurner som brukes ved stemmingen, skal være forseglet.”

The section prohibits tampering with voting machines and vote tally systems and restricts unauthorized possession of keys, establishing a legal framework against tampering but does not mandate tamper-evident seals, tamper-responsive mechanisms, or logged tamper detection. It is a prohibition on conduct rather than a requirement for tamper-detection hardware standards.

Art. II-117 codifies polling hours 8:00-20:00 + out-of-country precinct hours. Art. II-115 (not in FTS top-5) codifies ballot-paper packaging by printer with three-copy chain-of-custody protocols posted publicly at district commissions. Tamper-evident handling of physical ballots codified; no voting machines exist to certify.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses the creation and powers of the Redistricting Planning Committee, focusing on preparations for legislative redistricting, including compiling census data, election information, and procuring computerized systems for redistricting plans. It contains no provisions concerning tamper-evident or tamper-responsive hardware standards for election equipment.

No matching sections in corpus.

No matching sections in corpus.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Section 55 of the Czech Municipal Elections Act (Zákon č. 491/2001 Sb.) addresses the creation and termination of municipal council member mandates. It contains no provisions whatsoever regarding hardware, tamper-evident seals, tamper-responsive systems, or any technical election security standards. The section is entirely about the legal status of elected positions and resignation procedures.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 98.015 supervisor of elections election/tenure. Off-topic.

No matching sections in corpus.

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Section 10-314 addresses procedures for closing polls, securing equipment, and handling election materials, but does not establish or mandate any tamper-evident or tamper-responsive hardware standards. The section discusses general security and material sealing procedures without specifying technical tamper standards for voting equipment.

No matching sections in corpus.

No matching sections in corpus.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses the issuance of certificates of election by the county board chairman after municipal elections have been determined. It contains no provisions regarding hardware standards, tamper-evident seals, logging, or tamper-responsive systems. The statute is procedurally focused on document issuance and does not engage with the hardware security or custody standards evaluated by this criterion.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section of the DPRK Constitution addresses tariff policy and economic protectionism. It contains no provisions concerning tamper-evident or tamper-responsive hardware standards, which are unrelated to the subject matter of this constitutional article.

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section establishes the Federal Election Commission's structure, composition, voting requirements, and administrative procedures. It contains no provisions regarding hardware tamper standards, tamper-evident seals, logging mechanisms, or tamper-responsive systems. The criterion concerns technical safeguards for election equipment, which is not addressed in this section.