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中华人民共和国——一党执政国家。全国人民代表大会（全国人大）及其常务委员会是最高国家权力机关，由省级人民代表大会间接选举产生。直接选举仅在乡镇、县级人民代表大会层级进行（宪法第97条），候选人由选举委员会审定。村民委员会选举（依据《村民委员会组织法》）实行直接投票，在党组织指导下运作。香港、澳门特别行政区另有独立的选举制度。基础法律：《中华人民共和国宪法》（1982年通过，经2018年修订）、《全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法》（1979年通过，经2020年修订）、《村民委员会组织法》（1998年通过，经2018年修订）。中文原文，来源 zh.wikisource.org。
Voting Channels
The voting channels available under current law, each verified against the cited statute.
- Election dayElection-day in personlimited
Direct elections only at township-people's-congress and county-people's-congress levels. All higher levels (provincial, national) are indirectly elected by lower congresses. Candidate slate is vetted by election committees under Communist Party guidance.
Constitution Art. 97 (direct elections at county/township level only); Electoral Law of the NPC (not in EII corpus)
- EarlyEarly in personnot available
No early in-person voting channel.
- PostalPostal / mailnot available
No postal voting channel codified for citizens (a limited absentee/floating ballot mechanism exists for voters away from their registered locality on election day, but is not strictly postal).
- ProxyProxylimited
Proxy voting permitted for voters who cannot reach a polling station, on written commission; one proxy may carry up to three voters' commissions.
Electoral Law of the NPC and Local PCs (not in EII corpus)
- InternetInternetnot available
No internet voting.
Methodology Radar
Dimension Breakdown
Primary Instruments
Methodologies — Datapoint Drill-In
Each methodology card above takes you to China's scoring detail for that methodology — every datapoint, with rationale and the exact statute that justifies the score.