TrustVotingAtlas
Countryee

EstoniaPaper only

EU member since 2004; Council of Europe member since 1993. Elections are administered by the State Electoral Office (Riigi Valimisteenistus) under the National Electoral Committee (Vabariigi Valimiskomisjon). Polling-place ballots are paper, hand-counted; Estonia also runs the world's only nationwide internet-voting (i-voting) system, available to every voter during the advance-voting period. Foundational statutes: the Riigikogu Election Act, the Municipal Council Election Act, the European Parliament Election Act, the Referendum Act and the President of the Republic Election Act, with party finance under the Political Parties Act. Source: Riigi Teataja (riigiteataja.ee), official consolidated English translations.

Overall59.4%EAdI 47.1%EAI 60.7%ECI 80.6%EDRI 81.8%EVCI 33.3%EII 53.8%
Paper onlyVoting method

Voting Channels

How voters cast a ballot

The voting channels available under current law, each verified against the cited statute.

  • Election dayElection-day in personall

    Election-day voting at the polling station from 09:00 to 20:00; home voting by mobile ballot box is available to voters who cannot reach the polling place (§ 46).

    Riigikogu Election Act § 38

  • EarlyEarly in personall-voters

    In-person advance voting on the advance-voting days (sixth day to first day before election day), at a designated district and then in all voting districts.

    Riigikogu Election Act §§ 38(2), 40

  • PostalPostal / maillimited

    Voters resident or staying abroad may vote by post via an Estonian foreign mission, or in person at the mission.

    Riigikogu Election Act §§ 49, 52

  • ProxyProxynot available

    No proxy voting.

  • InternetInternetall-voters

    Estonia runs nationwide internet voting (i-voting): any voter may cast a ballot online during the advance-voting period, with a verification app to confirm the vote was recorded — the only such national system in the atlas.

    Riigikogu Election Act §§ 48²–48¹⁰

Methodology Radar

Dimension Breakdown

EAdI47.1%
Election Administration Index
Accountability50%
Commission70%
Funding50%
Staff Training17%
Vendor Oversight33%
EAI60.7%
Electoral Access Index
Administration100%
Eligibility90%
Identification40%
Registration57%
Roll Integrity50%
Voter Assistance33%
Voting Methods67%
ECI80.6%
Election Campaign-Finance Index
Contributions100%
Disclosure80%
Enforcement75%
Foreign Source75%
Traceability75%
EDRI81.8%
Election Dispute Resolution Index
Contest80%
Recount75%
Timing100%
EVCI33.3%
Election Voter-Confidence Index
Ballot Info25%
Candidate25%
Notification50%
EII53.8%
Election Integrity Index
Citizen Verifiability75%
Custody Hardware31%
Post Election Audit44%
Software Verifiability50%
Transparency Observation75%
Vendor Independence13%
Voter Access71%

Primary Instruments

CitationTypeTitleSectionsStatus
European Parliament Election ActActEE European Parliament Election Act93active
Municipal Council Election ActActEE Municipal Council Election Act93active
Political Parties ActActEE Political Parties Act36active
President of the Republic Election ActActEE President of the Republic Election Act30active
Referendum ActActEE Referendum Act77active
Riigikogu Election ActActEE Riigikogu Election Act112active
The Constitution of the Republic of EstoniaConstitutionEE Constitution168active

Methodologies — Datapoint Drill-In

Each methodology card above takes you to Estonia's scoring detail for that methodology — every datapoint, with rationale and the exact statute that justifies the score.

EAdIEAIECIEDRIEVCIEII
For a single datapoint side-by-side across every jurisdiction, see e.g. /atlas/datapoint/1.1.
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