Network isolation mandate

The statute explicitly requires that electronic vote counting systems shall not be capable of connecting to the Internet, cell phone networks, or possessing modem technology. This directly mandates network isolation on vote-casting equipment, fully satisfying the criterion.

“Is not capable of connecting to the Internet or cell phone networks and does not possess modem technology.”

Section 7-5-301(n) explicitly prohibits electronic voting machines and vote tabulating devices from being connected to the internet, external networks, or establishing wireless connections during any time a voter is eligible to cast a ballot. This directly satisfies the criterion requiring legal prohibition of internet/Wi-Fi/cellular connectivity on vote-casting equipment.

Cal. Elec. Code § 19205 explicitly mandates: '(a) No part of the voting system shall be connected to the internet at any time. (b) No part of the voting system shall electronically receive or transmit election data through an exterior communication network...' Strongest network-isolation language in any scored jurisdiction.

“No part of the voting system shall be connected to the internet at any time.”

Idaho Code § 34-2410(3) explicitly prohibits vote tally systems from connecting to the internet or receiving/transmitting data via wireless communications. This directly addresses the criterion's requirement that internet/Wi-Fi/cellular connectivity be legally prohibited on vote-casting equipment.

“No vote tally system shall be connected to the internet at any time, and no vote tally system shall receive or transmit data through wireless communications.”

The statute explicitly prohibits optical scanning equipment from having any capability to connect to the internet, communications networks, cellular networks, or wireless technologies. This directly mandates network isolation on vote-casting equipment.

“shall not have the capability nor shall any component of an optical scanning system have the capability to be connected to the internet or to any other communications or computer network, including, but not limited to, a local area network, wireless network, cellular network or satellite network, or to use bluetooth or any other wireless communications technology”

KRS 119.115(3)(f) makes it a Class D felony for an election official or custodian to 'directly connect... a voting machine, voting equipment, or voting system that tabulates or aggregates votes to a public network, including the internet, at any time.' KRS 117.125(25) reinforces this by barring any approved voting system from connecting to a network. Network isolation of vote-tabulating equipment is codified and criminally enforced.

“Directly connects or attempts to directly connect a voting machine, voting equipment, or voting system that tabulates or aggregates votes to a public network, including the internet, at any time.”

The statute explicitly mandates that voting system equipment shall not connect to the internet, which directly satisfies the criterion requiring legal prohibition of internet/Wi-Fi/cellular connectivity on vote-casting equipment.

§ 206.845 codifies a comprehensive explicit air-gap mandate: ballot recording/tabulating systems 'must not be connected to or operated on, directly or indirectly, any electronic network… Wireless communications may not be used in any way… Wireless, device-to-device capability is not permitted. No connection by modem is permitted.' Transfer only by physical media. Among the strongest network-isolation provisions in the corpus.

“Except for wired connections within the polling place, ballot recording and tabulating systems must not be connected to or operated on, directly or indirectly, any electronic network, including a local area network, a wide-area network, the Internet, or the World Wide Web.”

Montana mandates network isolation — § 13-17-103(1)(m) bars approval of any voting system not certified free of modems or other unauthorized external communication devices, and § 13-35-205 makes installing or using such a device a crime.

“is certified by the manufacturer to be free of any modems or other unauthorized external communication devices”

The statute explicitly prohibits voting machines from being connected to the internet, which directly satisfies the criterion's requirement that internet connectivity be legally prohibited on vote-casting equipment.

“A voting machine shall not be connected to the internet.”

The statute explicitly requires that vote recorders or optical scan voting devices must disable all forms of internet, wireless, and external network connectivity at all times during a current election. This directly prohibits internet/Wi-Fi/cellular connectivity on vote-casting equipment.

“disables, at all times while utilized in a current election, the following: (1) a connection to the Internet or an external network; (2) the capability to establish a wireless connection to an external network; (3) the establishment of a connection to an external network through a cable, a wireless modem or any other mechanism or process”

§ 12-17B-2 codifies explicit network-isolation mandate: 'No automatic tabulating, electronic ballot marking, or election voting equipment system may be connected to the internet.' Also prohibits BMD vote-storage. § 12-4-41 codifies voter-data sharing prohibitions. Among the strongest statutory air-gap provisions in the corpus.

“No automatic tabulating, electronic ballot marking, or election voting equipment system may be connected to the internet.”

The statute explicitly prohibits any wireless communication capability on precinct-based optical scanners used in elections, which directly satisfies the criterion requiring internet/Wi-Fi/cellular connectivity to be legally prohibited on vote-casting equipment. The prohibition covers both enabled and disabled capabilities, providing comprehensive network isolation.

“No precinct-based optical scanners used in an election in this state shall have any capability, enabled or disabled, for wireless communication of any sort.”

§ 129.054 codifies a hard network-isolation mandate: 'a voting system may not be connected to any external communications network, including the Internet,' and beginning September 1, 2026, may not even be capable of such a connection; wireless capability is likewise prohibited. § 129.054(c) bars the secretary of state from waiving any requirement of the section.

“A voting system may not be connected to any external communications network, including the Internet.”

The statute explicitly mandates that voting equipment must not be capable of wireless communication, with the exception only for electronic pollbooks or official registers. This directly prohibits internet, Wi-Fi, and cellular connectivity on vote-casting equipment, satisfying the network isolation mandate.

“ensure that the voting equipment is not capable of wireless communication”

This section directly prohibits wireless communications on voting machines during polling hours, which mandates network isolation from internet, Wi-Fi, and cellular connectivity on vote-casting equipment. The prohibition is explicit and applies to all machines purchased after July 1, 2007.

“There shall be no wireless communications on election day, while the polls are open, between or among voting machines within the polling place or between any voting machine within the polling place and any equipment outside the polling place.”

The statute explicitly mandates isolation of ballot counting equipment and voting system components from any external network, specifically including the internet, Wi-Fi, and radio connectivity. This legal requirement effectively prohibits internet, Wi-Fi, and cellular connectivity on vote-casting equipment.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses public notice requirements for precinct boundary and polling place changes. It does not concern vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, or any aspect of election hardware security or network isolation. The section is entirely about voter notification procedures and is unrelated to the criterion regarding internet/Wi-Fi/cellular connectivity prohibitions on voting machines.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses the removal of deceased voters from electoral registers and the destruction of their documents. It has no relevance to network isolation, vote-casting equipment, or any technical requirements for voting machines. The section is about voter registration maintenance, not election technology security.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Section 16-911 addresses exemptions from the definition of 'contribution' in campaign finance law. It deals entirely with what constitutes political contributions and what is exempt from that definition. It contains no provisions regarding vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, internet access, or any cybersecurity or hardware isolation requirements for voting systems.

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Section 321DA addresses prohibitions on foreign campaigners authorizing electoral matter and is entirely unrelated to vote-casting equipment or network isolation mandates. The section concerns campaign finance transparency and foreign interference in electoral communications, not the technical specifications or connectivity requirements of voting hardware.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses procedures for announcing a runoff election to the public through official notice boards and internet-based information services. It does not concern vote-casting equipment, network isolation, or technical security requirements for voting machines. The section is about public notification of election results and candidate information, not equipment connectivity restrictions.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 85 (publication of Duma results), Article 46 (media use), Article 138 (recall vote), Article 127 (local referendum), Article 92 (local-deputy results) — none address network-isolation prohibition for voting equipment. Belarus uses paper ballots so this is moot but unaddressed.

No matching sections in corpus.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 36-A addresses early election campaign regulations and what activities are not considered early electoral propaganda. It contains no provisions whatsoever regarding vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, hardware isolation, or cybersecurity measures. The section is entirely focused on permissible political communications before official campaign periods.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Section 172 addresses campaign finance reporting requirements, including submission of financial reports to the Court of Audit by parties, coalitions, and initiative committees within 30 working days after election day. This section concerns post-election financial accountability and disclosure, not the technical specifications or network isolation of vote-casting equipment used during elections.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Section 319 provides definitions for terms used in Part 16 (Communications) of the Canada Elections Act, including network, network operator, online platform, and prime time. It contains no provisions regarding vote-casting equipment, internet connectivity, Wi-Fi, cellular networks, or any technical requirements for voting systems. This section is entirely about communication and broadcasting terminology and is irrelevant to the criterion.

No matching sections in corpus.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section is a legislative declaration about threats posed by AI-generated deepfakes to election integrity. It does not address vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, or the technical specification of voting machines. The criterion asks whether internet/Wi-Fi/cellular connectivity is legally prohibited on vote-casting equipment, which is entirely absent from this text.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses the development of recanvass training videos and procedures for conducting recounts after an election. It has no bearing on whether internet, Wi-Fi, or cellular connectivity is prohibited on vote-casting equipment. The statute is about post-election administration and training, not equipment specifications or network isolation requirements.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses the financing and oversight of election costs by the State Electoral Commission, including public reporting of election expenses. It contains no provisions regarding network isolation, internet connectivity restrictions, or technical specifications for vote-casting equipment.

No matching sections in corpus.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses deep fake technology and election-related misinformation, not the technical specifications or network connectivity requirements of vote-casting equipment. The criterion concerns whether vote-casting equipment is legally required to be isolated from internet/Wi-Fi/cellular connectivity, which is entirely outside the scope of this statute's subject matter.

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: FTS surfaced complaint-form sections — the word 'telecommunications' refers to a complainant's contact details. Estonia mandates no network isolation of vote-casting equipment; its nationwide internet-voting model is the architectural opposite of an air-gap.

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 97.026 alternative-format forms. Not network isolation.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses the administrative costs and reimbursement procedures for postal communications related to electoral matters. It contains no provisions whatsoever concerning vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, internet access, Wi-Fi, cellular connectivity, or hardware isolation mandates.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 51 (information support during campaigning) and Constitution Article 17 (internet freedom) — neither codifies network-isolation prohibition for voting equipment. Paper voting regime makes this moot but unaddressed.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 21-2-379.11 codifies DRE tabulation procedure (votes counted at precinct or tabulating center) but does not codify network-isolation/air-gap requirement for vote-casting equipment. § 21-2-211 (statewide list maintenance) is unrelated to tabulation isolation.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 86 of the BWO (Bundeswahlordnung) concerns public announcements and internet publication of election information. It addresses when and how election results and notices may be published online, with requirements for data integrity and deletion timelines. The section does not address vote-casting equipment, network isolation, or any technical specifications for voting machines. This section is entirely unrelated to the criterion concerning internet/Wi-Fi/cellular connectivity prohibitions on voting equipment.

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

No matching sections in corpus.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section is a definitions section that provides statutory terminology for Hawaii's campaign spending laws. It contains definitions of terms like 'advertisement,' 'candidate,' 'contribution,' and 'electioneering communication,' but does not address vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, or election security measures. The section is entirely unrelated to the criterion regarding network isolation on voting equipment.

No matching sections in corpus.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: 10 ILCS 5/24C-12 describes DRE counting procedures; no network-isolation provision surfaced.

The statute prohibits internet and network connectivity on devices used to create ballot layouts and program voting systems, but does not explicitly address connectivity on vote-casting equipment itself (the machines where voters actually cast votes). The criterion asks specifically about vote-casting equipment, which is distinct from ballot programming and creation devices.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Section 68A.506 addresses false caller identification in campaign communications and has no relevance to vote-casting equipment or network isolation requirements. It regulates telecommunications conduct in political advocacy, not the technical specifications or connectivity restrictions of voting machines.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section amends the Postal and Telecommunications Services Act, 1983 to regulate postal delivery of election documents by returning officers and to establish free postage schemes for electoral materials. It does not address network isolation, internet connectivity, Wi-Fi, or cellular connectivity requirements for vote-casting equipment.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 28 addresses the right to conduct pre-election campaigns, media access, debate participation, and campaign material distribution. It contains no provisions regarding vote-casting equipment, network isolation, internet connectivity restrictions, or any technical security measures for voting systems. The section is entirely focused on campaign conduct and public access to media, not election security infrastructure.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: FTS surfaced pre-election-campaign-on-the-Internet provisions; Latvia votes on paper with no networked vote-casting equipment, so network isolation is moot and uncodified.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: FTS surfaced results-publication provisions; Lithuania's vote-counting is by hand in the polling-district committee, so there is no vote-casting equipment with network connectivity — but the absence is implicit rather than a codified prohibition.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 92 concerns reimbursement of postal costs for political communications to voters before elections. It is entirely unrelated to vote-casting equipment, network security, or technological requirements for voting systems. The section does not address internet connectivity, Wi-Fi, or cellular prohibitions on any equipment.

No matching sections in corpus.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses designated voter registration agencies under the National Voter Registration Act and lists the departments and offices responsible for voter registration activities. It contains no provisions regarding vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, internet access, Wi-Fi, cellular connectivity, or any hardware requirements related to voting machines.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Section 37 of Cap. 544 addresses the registration and reporting of political party donations. It contains no provisions regarding vote-casting equipment, network isolation, internet connectivity, or any technical requirements for voting systems. This section is entirely irrelevant to the criterion.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section concerns filing and public availability of reports by contested election committee treasurers. It is entirely unrelated to vote-casting equipment or network isolation requirements for such equipment.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Section 18G addresses disclosure requirements for independent expenditures and electioneering communications in paid advertising (radio, television, internet, print, direct mail, and billboards). It has no bearing on vote-casting equipment, network isolation, or connectivity mandates for voting systems.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses the creation of a micrositio (webpage) and methodology for promoting citizen participation in the judicial election process. It concerns voter information and candidate disclosure, not the technical specifications or network isolation requirements of vote-casting equipment. The section makes no mention of voting equipment, network connectivity prohibitions, or security measures for ballot casting devices.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses electronic filing and internet disclosure of campaign finance reports by county clerks and committees. It is entirely unrelated to vote-casting equipment, network isolation, or cybersecurity measures for voting machines. The criterion concerns technical requirements for election equipment security, which is outside the scope of campaign finance filing procedures.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses mandatory training of election managers and clerks, including training requirements, compensation, and public notice procedures. It contains no provisions regarding network isolation, internet connectivity, Wi-Fi, cellular connectivity, or any technical requirements for vote-casting equipment.

The section defines 'automatic tabulating equipment' as air-gapped and 'not physically able to be connected to a network,' which addresses network isolation. However, this is a definitions section that establishes terminology rather than mandating prohibitions. It describes requirements for equipment definitions but does not establish binding legal prohibitions on network connectivity for vote-casting or tabulating equipment.

“the apparatus necessary to examine and automatically count votes, and the data processing machines which are used for counting votes and tabulating results and which are air-gapped and not physically able to be connected to a network”

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses media outlet coverage of elections and journalistic rights, including fair treatment of candidates, right of reply, and journalist access to electoral proceedings. It does not concern vote-casting equipment, network isolation, or any technical security measures related to voting machines or their connectivity. The criterion asks about prohibition of internet/Wi-Fi/cellular connectivity on voting equipment, which is entirely outside the scope of this media regulation article.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses voter registration records, public access to voter lists, and security breach notification requirements. It contains no provisions regarding vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, or internet isolation standards. The section is entirely about the management and distribution of voter registration data, not the technical specifications or connectivity restrictions of voting machines.

No matching sections in corpus.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section provides a definition of 'facsimile machine' for statutory purposes and does not address vote-casting equipment, internet connectivity, network isolation, or any cybersecurity measures related to voting systems. It is entirely outside the scope of election integrity requirements for voting hardware.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses political advertising requirements, including disclosure of sponsorship and identification in various media formats. It contains no provisions regarding vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, or any technical specifications for voting systems. The section is entirely about campaign disclosure and advertisement labeling requirements, not election infrastructure or voting machine security.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section defines terms related to campaign contributions and public procurement processes (business entities, fair and open processes, state agencies). It contains no provisions regarding vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, or election infrastructure security. It is entirely unrelated to the criterion.

The statute requires that ballot-printing systems retain functionality during network disconnection, which assumes they may be network-connected but must work offline. However, the section does not prohibit internet/Wi-Fi/cellular connectivity on vote-casting equipment; it merely mandates resilience if connectivity is lost. The criterion asks whether connectivity is legally prohibited, and this section does not establish such a prohibition.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 7-202 enumerates machine requirements but does not prohibit network connectivity; § 14-107, § 14-106 are unrelated. No statutory air-gap or Wi-Fi prohibition.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section defines terminology related to political advertisements and campaign finance disclosures (e.g., 'Advertisement,' 'Candidate,' 'Television,' 'Radio'). It is entirely unrelated to vote-casting equipment, network isolation, or any technical specifications for election machinery. The criterion asks about connectivity prohibitions on voting devices, which is not addressed in this definitional section.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 16.1-07-28 codifies electronic free-access system for UOCAVA-voter receipt confirmation. § 16.1-08.1-06 codifies electronic campaign-finance filing. Neither codifies network-isolation requirement for vote-casting equipment.

No matching sections in corpus.

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

The statute prohibits internet connectivity on ballot counting/tabulation devices, which addresses network isolation for vote-counting equipment. However, the criterion specifically asks about vote-casting equipment (the machines voters use to cast ballots), not counting/tabulation devices. This section protects the tabulation stage but does not address whether vote-casting equipment itself is prohibited from internet connectivity.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: ORS § 260.268 addresses disclosure requirements for synthetic media in campaign communications. It contains no provisions regarding network isolation, internet connectivity, Wi-Fi, cellular connectivity, or any technical specifications for vote-casting equipment. The section is entirely unrelated to the custody or hardware specifications of voting machines.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses election notices for federal write-in absentee ballots, including preparation, distribution, and public availability of notices. It does not address vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, or any security measures related to voting machines or hardware isolation.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 447 addresses the transmission and custody of election protocols and documents after voting has concluded. It does not concern the technical specifications or connectivity requirements of vote-casting equipment used during the voting process itself. The section is about post-election document handling, not network isolation mandates for voting machines.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section concerns the publication and posting of candidate lists before election day. It does not address vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, or any technical security measures for voting machines or systems. The mention of internet in subsection 2 refers only to publishing candidate information, not to restrictions on equipment used for voting.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses eligibility criteria for matching public campaign funds, contribution and expenditure limits, and permissible uses of campaign funds. It contains no provisions relating to vote-casting equipment, network isolation, internet connectivity, or any technical requirements for voting systems. The criterion concerns cybersecurity measures for election infrastructure, which is entirely outside the scope of this campaign finance statute.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Section 27 of Law 370/2004 governs the procedures for submitting candidate nominations for Romanian presidential elections, including requirements for supporting documentation, voter lists, and declarations. It does not address the technical specifications or network isolation requirements for vote-casting equipment. The section is entirely focused on candidate nomination procedures and has no relevance to the criterion concerning network isolation mandates for voting machines.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 46 (opinion polls), Article 45 (informing voters), Article 72 (results publication), Article 56 (campaign restrictions), Article 53 (mass campaigning events) — none address network-isolation prohibition for voting equipment. Russia's DEG (remote electronic voting) is by definition network-connected.

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Section 61 addresses the determination of voting district boundaries by considering factors affecting free and fair elections, such as venue suitability, voter accessibility, and geographical features. It does not address network connectivity, internet access, or any technical specifications for vote-casting equipment. The section is entirely focused on geographic and administrative boundary-setting rather than cybersecurity or hardware isolation requirements.

No matching sections in corpus.

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Anayasa Article 174 protects secular-reform laws — unrelated.

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

No matching sections in corpus.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section requires the Attorney General to review and report on criminal statutes concerning election offenses and the adequacy of Internet-related penalties. It does not mandate, prohibit, or regulate network connectivity on vote-casting equipment. The section addresses statutory review and reporting, not hardware security requirements.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 2493 requires the Secretary of State to provide for tabulator security and to keep tabulators locked in a vault when not in use, but it does not codify an explicit prohibition on connecting vote-casting or tabulating equipment to the internet or a network.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses the office location and meeting procedures of an election commission, covering where meetings are held and how they may be conducted (via video, telephone, or internet conferencing). It contains no provisions regarding vote-casting equipment, network connectivity, or isolation requirements for voting machines.

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses campaign advertising disclosure requirements and has no relevance to vote-casting equipment or network isolation mandates. It concerns political communication transparency, not election infrastructure security or hardware specifications.