EIIElection Integrity Index
How well does the legal framework defend against vote-altering attacks?
Dimensions
Citizen Verifiability
0.0% · 0/8| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.1Public verification artifactDoes law mandate a downloadable public package containing certificates, device records, and result signatures? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: MP Election Law Article 68 governs voter ID at the polls (ink-marking finger), not public verification of cast votes. | § view source 2026-05-15 |
| 4.2End-to-end verifiability permittedDoes law permit (or require) per-voter cryptographic receipts that prove inclusion without revealing the vote? | 0/50.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 4.3Voter-verifiable paper trailIs voter-verifiable paper record (VVPAT or hand-marked paper) legally required? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 4.4Citizen re-tally rightCan any citizen — not just parties — legally re-tally from published precinct data? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 73 governs military voting, not recount. | § view source 2026-05-15 |
Custody Hardware
25.0% · 2/8| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.1Hardware tamper standardAre tamper-evident or tamper-responsive hardware standards mandated? | 0/50.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 2.2Network isolation mandateIs internet/Wi-Fi/cellular connectivity legally prohibited on vote-casting equipment? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 2.3Custody documentationIs full chain-of-custody documentation required and publicly available? | 1/1100.0% | Article 29 (Local Elections) codifies chain-of-custody handover of election material no later than 24 hours before election day; Articles 4514 (МП Election Law Art 62 — 48 hours) and 4605 (Local Elections Art 38 — record of handover signed by commission rep and ≥2 board members) reinforce the custody documentation regime. “Примопредаја изборног материјала врши се најкасније 24 часа пре дана одржавања избора.” | § view source 2026-05-15 |
| 2.4Tamper criminal penaltyAre there explicit criminal penalties for unauthorized device access? | 1/1100.0% | MP Election Law Article 106 codifies criminal penalty (fine or up to 1 year imprisonment; 3 months–3 years for officials) for soliciting how someone voted, voting under another's name, multiple voting, destroying/altering/concealing ballots or election documents. Article 104 imposes up to 3 years for election officials who alter vote counts or publish false results. Strong tamper-penalty regime. “Новчаном казном или казном затвора до једне године казниће се за кривично дело” | § view source 2026-05-15 |
Post Election Audit
11.1% · 1/9| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1Mandatory auditIs a post-election audit legally required for every election? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 3.2Audit methodWhat audit method is mandated? | 0/50.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 3.3Audit triggers beyond mandatoryDoes law trigger additional audits on close margins or sworn challenges? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 3.4Public observation of auditAre parties, media, and citizens granted observer access to the audit? | 1/1100.0% | Voter Register Law Article 22o codifies public observation of the Commission audit work: 'Рад Комисије је јаван' + observers from registered civil-society associations may attend Commission sessions. While this is voter-register audit (not vote-count audit), it is the closest statutory analog of public audit observation in Serbian law. “Седницама Комисије могу да присуствују, у својству посматрача, до два представника удружења регистрованог у Републици Србији чији се циљеви остварују у области избора и које је Комисији поднело пријаву за посматрање рада Комисије” | § view source 2026-05-15 |
| 3.5Binding forceAre audit results legally binding on the final certified result? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Constitution Article 101 governs MP mandate confirmation procedure (meta) — not binding force of any audit. | § view source 2026-05-15 |
Software Verifiability
0.0% · 0/9| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1Source code disclosureIs voting system source code legally accessible? | 0/50.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 1.2Reproducible builds requirementMust the binary that runs in production be reproducibly buildable from public source? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 1.3Pre-election binary commitmentIs the running binary cryptographically committed (hash published) before polls open? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 72 (МP Election Law) governs disabled voter's right to bring a helper — unrelated to pre-election binary commitment. | § view source 2026-05-15 |
| 1.4Election definition publicationAre ballot contests, layouts, and tabulation rules signed and published before polls open? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 1.5Post-election integrity checkDoes law grant a right to verify the actual running binary matches the committed one? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Local Elections Law Article 35 describes the immediate post-vote count procedure (open box, verify control sheet, separate valid/invalid ballots). This is contemporaneous tallying, not a post-election integrity check of the system. | § view source 2026-05-15 |
Transparency Observation
25.0% · 2/8| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.1Domestic observer rightsAre party and civil-society observers given full procedural access? | 1/1100.0% | MP Election Law Article 33 codifies that the Republic Election Commission's 'extended composition' (proširen sastav) includes one representative from each candidate-list submitter. Article 14 of the Local Elections Law gives identical rights at the local level. Article 76 (4528) further mandates that the official record (записник) be delivered to candidate-list representatives. Party-list representatives are a statutory form of domestic observer. “Републичку изборну комисију у сталном саставу чине председник и шеснаест других чланова које именује Народна скупштина Републике Србије на предлог посланичких група у Народној скупштини Републике Србије, а у проширеном саставу и по један представник подносиоца изборне листе.” | § view source 2026-05-15 |
| 6.2International observer accessAre OSCE/EU/IFES international observers admitted by default? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Constitution Article 75 concerns rights of national minorities and international treaties — not international election observer access. No statute in the corpus addresses international observer rights. | § view source 2026-05-15 |
| 6.3Precinct-level results publication speedAre precinct-level results legally required to be published within 24h of poll close? | 0/50.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 73 — military voting; not precinct publication speed. | § view source 2026-05-15 |
| 6.4Public election event logIs a public, signed, append-only election event log legally required? | 1/1100.0% | Local Elections Law Article 37 codifies that the second copy of the polling-board record (записник) is posted at the polling place for public inspection. MP Election Law Article 76 (4528) imposes identical requirement. This is a statutory precinct-level public event log. “Други примерак записника истиче се на бирачком месту на јавни увид.” | § view source 2026-05-15 |
Vendor Independence
0.0% · 0/4| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.1Multi-vendor capabilityDoes law permit multiple certified vendors to operate in the same election? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 5.2Open protocol standardsAre vote-format / device-protocol standards open and publicly documented? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 5.3Contract duration capAre vendor contracts capped in duration, preventing perpetual lock-in? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
| 5.4Source-code escrowIs source-code escrow with the state required as a condition of certification? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-15 |
Voter Access
42.9% · 3/7| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.1Ballot secrecy guaranteeIs voter–ballot unlinkability legally guaranteed and enforceable? | 1/1100.0% | MP Election Law Article 55 ('Voter may vote only once during election. Voting is secret.') is the statutory secrecy clause. Article 58 (4510) operationalizes it ('a separate booth must be provided'); Article 69 (4521) imposes a duty on polling board members 'da u potpunosti bude obezbeđena tajnost glasanja'. Local Elections Law Article 17 (4584) and MP Election Law Article 37 (4489) impose secrecy as a polling-board duty. “Бирач у току одржавања избора може гласати само једанпут. Гласање је тајно.” | § view source 2026-05-15 |
| 7.2Accessibility mandateAre accessibility standards (vision, motor, language) legally required at every polling place? | 1/520.0% | MP Election Law Article 72 codifies the right of a blind, disabled, or illiterate voter to bring a person of their choice to fill out the ballot. Article 72.a establishes home voting for incapacitated voters with a three-member visiting team from the polling board. Constitution Article 69 (4315) provides general 'special protection' for disabled. “Бирач који није у могућности да на бирачком месту лично гласа (слепо, инвалидно или неписмено лице) има право да поведе лице које ће уместо њега, на начин које оно одреди, испунити листић, односно обавити гласање.” | § view source 2026-05-15 |
| 7.3Polling-place density floorIs there a legal floor on polling places per N voters or per geographic area? | 1/1100.0% | Local Elections Law Article 15(2) requires the election commission to designate polling places 'with particular regard to the equal distribution of voters across polling places and to the accessibility of the polling place to voters'. MP Election Law Article 34 (4486) imposes a parallel duty on the Republic Election Commission. Not a numerical density floor but a statutory equal-distribution-and-accessibility requirement. “одређује бирачка места, при чему нарочито води рачуна о равномерној распоређености бирача на бирачким местима и о доступности бирачког места бирачима;” | § view source 2026-05-15 |