Serbiaeci-v0

ECIElection Campaign-Finance Index

How well is money in politics regulated and disclosed?

Finance47.2%9/18 · 15 datapoints · 5 dimensionsCompare across jurisdictions →

Dimensions

Contributions66.7%

2/3 · 3 datapoints

Disclosure0.0%

0/5 · 4 datapoints

Enforcement62.5%

3/4 · 3 datapoints

Foreign Source50.0%

2/4 · 3 datapoints

Traceability100.0%

2/2 · 2 datapoints

Contributions

66.7% · 2/3

Datapoint	Score	Rationale & evidence	Source
CONT.1Contribution limit framework codifiedIf contribution limits exist, are they set by statute (not administrative discretion)? If no limits, is that absence explicit in statute?	1/1100.0%	Finance Law Article 40 codifies a contribution-limit framework anchored at 1,500,000 RSD as a criminal threshold for concealed financing. Article 22 (referenced) bounds annual contribution amount per donor by Article 10. Article 47 enforces forfeiture for non-compliance with ownership-divestiture deadlines. “Ако су извршењем дела из става 1. овог члана дата или примљена средства у износу који прелази милион и петстотина хиљада динара, учинилац ће се казнити затвором од шест месеци до пет година.”	§ view source 2026-05-15
CONT.2Independent expenditure rulesAre independent-expenditure rules (third-party spending separate from candidate committees) codified in statute?	0/10.0%	No candidate sections returned by FTS.	no FTS match 2026-05-15
CONT.3Anonymous-contribution treatmentAre anonymous contributions (cash below the threshold, etc.) addressed in statute with a defined disposition (returned, forfeited, etc.)?	1/1100.0%	Finance Law Article 12 explicitly bans anonymous donor contributions, alongside contributions from foreign states, foreign persons, public enterprises, etc. Codified prohibition. “Забрањено је финансирање политичког субјекта од: страних држава; страних физичких и правних лица, осим међународних политичких удружења; анонимних дародаваца”	§ view source 2026-05-15

Datapoint

Score

Rationale & evidence

Source

CONT.1Contribution limit framework codifiedIf contribution limits exist, are they set by statute (not administrative discretion)? If no limits, is that absence explicit in statute?

1/1100.0%

Finance Law Article 40 codifies a contribution-limit framework anchored at 1,500,000 RSD as a criminal threshold for concealed financing. Article 22 (referenced) bounds annual contribution amount per donor by Article 10. Article 47 enforces forfeiture for non-compliance with ownership-divestiture deadlines.

“Ако су извршењем дела из става 1. овог члана дата или примљена средства у износу који прелази милион и петстотина хиљада динара, учинилац ће се казнити затвором од шест месеци до пет година.”

§ view source

2026-05-15

CONT.2Independent expenditure rulesAre independent-expenditure rules (third-party spending separate from candidate committees) codified in statute?

0/10.0%

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

no FTS match

2026-05-15

CONT.3Anonymous-contribution treatmentAre anonymous contributions (cash below the threshold, etc.) addressed in statute with a defined disposition (returned, forfeited, etc.)?

1/1100.0%

Finance Law Article 12 explicitly bans anonymous donor contributions, alongside contributions from foreign states, foreign persons, public enterprises, etc. Codified prohibition.

“Забрањено је финансирање политичког субјекта од: страних држава; страних физичких и правних лица, осим међународних политичких удружења; анонимних дародаваца”

§ view source

2026-05-15

Disclosure

0.0% · 0/5

Datapoint	Score	Rationale & evidence	Source
DISC.1Disclosure threshold in statuteIs the disclosure threshold (amount above which contributions must be reported) defined in statute, not regulation?	0/10.0%	No candidate sections returned by FTS.	no FTS match 2026-05-15
DISC.2Enumerated filing scheduleIs the filing schedule (pre-election, post-election, quarterly, etc.) enumerated in statute with specific deadlines?	0/10.0%	No candidate sections returned by FTS.	no FTS match 2026-05-15
DISC.3Disclosure of contributor identityDoes statute require contributor name, address, occupation, and employer be disclosed for contributions above the threshold?	0/20.0%	No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 44 (MP Election Law) lists candidate-filing documentation (proof of electoral right, candidacy acceptance, residency, citizenship, voter-signature support) — not contributor-identity disclosure.	§ view source 2026-05-15
DISC.4Public access to filingsAre campaign-finance filings legally required to be publicly accessible online within a defined time of filing?	0/10.0%	No candidate sections returned by FTS.	no FTS match 2026-05-15

Enforcement

62.5% · 3/4

Datapoint	Score	Rationale & evidence	Source
ENF.1Penalty schedule codifiedAre penalties for campaign-finance violations defined in statute with specified amounts (civil) and/or criminal grades?	2/2100.0%	Finance Law Article 41 codifies a tiered fine schedule for political-party offenses (100,000–1,000,000 RSD), with parallel administrative penalties for failure to publish donations (Art 10), opening multiple accounts (Art 18), or failure to publish annual financial report (Art 28). Article 40 (4669) adds criminal penalties (3 months–3 years, escalating to 6 months–5 years for amounts above 1.5M RSD). “Новчаном казном од 100.000 до 1.000.000 динара казниће се за прекршај политичка странка”	§ view source 2026-05-15
ENF.2Enforcement body independenceIs the enforcement body (election commission, attorney general, campaign-finance regulator) appointed by multi-branch process and protected from in-cycle political control?	0/10.0%	No candidate sections returned by FTS.	no FTS match 2026-05-15
ENF.3Private right of actionDoes statute provide a private right of action (citizen or party suit) for campaign-finance violations?	0.5/150.0%	MP Election Law Article 19 grants a citizen private right of action via administrative court within 48 hours of a list-keeping decision. The right is bounded to voter-list disputes, not the full campaign-finance enforcement landscape, hence partial. “Против решења из става 3. овог члана може се, у року од 48 часова од часа достављања решења, поднети тужба суду надлежном за решавање у управним споровима.”	§ view source 2026-05-15

Datapoint

Score

Rationale & evidence

Source

ENF.1Penalty schedule codifiedAre penalties for campaign-finance violations defined in statute with specified amounts (civil) and/or criminal grades?

2/2100.0%

Finance Law Article 41 codifies a tiered fine schedule for political-party offenses (100,000–1,000,000 RSD), with parallel administrative penalties for failure to publish donations (Art 10), opening multiple accounts (Art 18), or failure to publish annual financial report (Art 28). Article 40 (4669) adds criminal penalties (3 months–3 years, escalating to 6 months–5 years for amounts above 1.5M RSD).

“Новчаном казном од 100.000 до 1.000.000 динара казниће се за прекршај политичка странка”

§ view source

2026-05-15

ENF.2Enforcement body independenceIs the enforcement body (election commission, attorney general, campaign-finance regulator) appointed by multi-branch process and protected from in-cycle political control?

0/10.0%

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

no FTS match

2026-05-15

ENF.3Private right of actionDoes statute provide a private right of action (citizen or party suit) for campaign-finance violations?

0.5/150.0%

MP Election Law Article 19 grants a citizen private right of action via administrative court within 48 hours of a list-keeping decision. The right is bounded to voter-list disputes, not the full campaign-finance enforcement landscape, hence partial.

“Против решења из става 3. овог члана може се, у року од 48 часова од часа достављања решења, поднети тужба суду надлежном за решавање у управним споровима.”

§ view source

2026-05-15

Foreign Source

50.0% · 2/4

Datapoint	Score	Rationale & evidence	Source
FOR.1Foreign-source prohibitionIs direct foreign contribution to a candidate or campaign committee prohibited by statute?	1/1100.0%	Finance Law Article 12 codifies a complete foreign-source prohibition: foreign states, foreign individuals and legal entities (except international political associations), anonymous donors, public enterprises, churches, gambling operators, importers, exporters, excise-goods producers — all banned. “Забрањено је финансирање политичког субјекта од: страних држава; страних физичких и правних лица, осим међународних политичких удружења”	§ view source 2026-05-15
FOR.2Indirect / pass-through foreign rulesAre indirect foreign-source channels (foreign nationals via domestic entities, foreign-controlled LLCs, etc.) addressed in statute?	0/20.0%	No candidate sections returned by FTS.	no FTS match 2026-05-15
FOR.3Foreign-source verificationAre campaign committees required by statute to verify contributors are not foreign-source (vs. relying on contributor self-attestation alone)?	1/1100.0%	Finance Law Article 27 codifies the verification mechanism: book-keeping is conducted by origin, amount, and structure of income/expenditure. The competent authorities annually control book-keeping records of political subjects. “Књиговодство се води по пореклу, висини и структури прихода и расхода, у складу са прописима који уређују рачуноводство и ревизију.”	§ view source 2026-05-15

Datapoint

Score

Rationale & evidence

Source

FOR.1Foreign-source prohibitionIs direct foreign contribution to a candidate or campaign committee prohibited by statute?

1/1100.0%

Finance Law Article 12 codifies a complete foreign-source prohibition: foreign states, foreign individuals and legal entities (except international political associations), anonymous donors, public enterprises, churches, gambling operators, importers, exporters, excise-goods producers — all banned.

“Забрањено је финансирање политичког субјекта од: страних држава; страних физичких и правних лица, осим међународних политичких удружења”

§ view source

2026-05-15

FOR.2Indirect / pass-through foreign rulesAre indirect foreign-source channels (foreign nationals via domestic entities, foreign-controlled LLCs, etc.) addressed in statute?

0/20.0%

No candidate sections returned by FTS.

no FTS match

2026-05-15

FOR.3Foreign-source verificationAre campaign committees required by statute to verify contributors are not foreign-source (vs. relying on contributor self-attestation alone)?

1/1100.0%

Finance Law Article 27 codifies the verification mechanism: book-keeping is conducted by origin, amount, and structure of income/expenditure. The competent authorities annually control book-keeping records of political subjects.

“Књиговодство се води по пореклу, висини и структури прихода и расхода, у складу са прописима који уређују рачуноводство и ревизију.”

§ view source

2026-05-15

Traceability

100.0% · 2/2

Datapoint	Score	Rationale & evidence	Source
TRACE.1Records-retention requirementAre campaign committees required by statute to retain records (contributor lists, expenditure documentation, bank statements) for a defined period?	1/1100.0%	Finance Law Article 31 codifies an internal-control records-retention requirement: party statute / political-subject decision must specify the manner of internal control of financial operations AND the right of members / supporting voters to inspect income/expenditure. Article 27 (4656) requires book-keeping by origin/amount/structure per accounting law. “Статутом политичке странке, односно одговарајућом одлуком политичког субјекта, мора бити одређен начин обављања унутрашње контроле финансијског пословања и право чланова, односно бирача који подржавају изборну листу, да се упознају са приходима и расходима политичког субјекта.”	§ view source 2026-05-15
TRACE.2Audit accessAre campaign-committee records subject to mandatory audit (post-election random sample, threshold-triggered audit, or routine cycle) under statute?	1/1100.0%	Finance Law Article 35 grants the State Audit Institution (Државна ревизорска институција) statutory audit access: its annual audit program must include political subjects with parliamentary representation. Article 36 (4665) supplements with annual tax-control program covering donors. Article 31 (4660) requires party-internal control structure. “Програм ревизије Државне ревизорске институције сваке године обухвата одговарајући број политичких субјеката који имају представнике у Народној скупштини.”	§ view source 2026-05-15

Datapoint

Score

Rationale & evidence

Source

TRACE.1Records-retention requirementAre campaign committees required by statute to retain records (contributor lists, expenditure documentation, bank statements) for a defined period?

1/1100.0%

Finance Law Article 31 codifies an internal-control records-retention requirement: party statute / political-subject decision must specify the manner of internal control of financial operations AND the right of members / supporting voters to inspect income/expenditure. Article 27 (4656) requires book-keeping by origin/amount/structure per accounting law.

“Статутом политичке странке, односно одговарајућом одлуком политичког субјекта, мора бити одређен начин обављања унутрашње контроле финансијског пословања и право чланова, односно бирача који подржавају изборну листу, да се упознају са приходима и расходима политичког субјекта.”

§ view source

2026-05-15

TRACE.2Audit accessAre campaign-committee records subject to mandatory audit (post-election random sample, threshold-triggered audit, or routine cycle) under statute?

1/1100.0%

Finance Law Article 35 grants the State Audit Institution (Државна ревизорска институција) statutory audit access: its annual audit program must include political subjects with parliamentary representation. Article 36 (4665) supplements with annual tax-control program covering donors. Article 31 (4660) requires party-internal control structure.

“Програм ревизије Државне ревизорске институције сваке године обухвата одговарајући број политичких субјеката који имају представнике у Народној скупштини.”

§ view source

2026-05-15

Other methodologies for Serbia

EAdI Administration EAI Access EDRI Disputes EVCI Confidence EII Integrity