EAIElectoral Access Index

The statute codifies independence through multi-branch appointment mechanisms: the National Election Commission appoints the chair, the Superior Council of the Judiciary appoints a judge, the president appoints two jurists, the government education minister appoints two mathematics professors, and the president appoints two presiding officers from ballot counting assemblies. This ensures checks across judicial, executive, and election-specialized bodies, with composition enumerated exhaustively in statute.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section concerns the composition and assignment of polling station officials (mesas) and impediments to serving on those bodies, not voter eligibility requirements for voting itself. The criterion asks whether minimum age and residency requirements for voting are set in the constitution. This section does not address voter eligibility; it addresses who may be appointed to staff polling stations. No voting eligibility thresholds are enumerated here.

The statute grounds ineligibility in law (Decreto-Lei n.º 621-B/74) rather than administrative discretion, satisfying statutory codification. However, this section merely incorporates by reference without enumerating the specific disqualification criteria or duration. Critically, the text provides no defined restoration or appeal procedure—it only identifies who is ineligible without addressing how or whether ineligibility can be lifted.

“São inelegíveis para a Presidência da República os cidadãos feridos por qualquer das incapacidades eleitorais passivas previstas no Decreto-Lei n.º 621-B/74, de 15 de Novembro”

No matching sections in corpus.

Article 87 explicitly establishes in statute the identification requirement and enumerates acceptable forms: identity card (bilhete de identidade), alternative official documents with current photo, attestation by two electors under oath, or unanimous recognition by polling-station members. The requirement is grounded in law rather than delegated to administrative discretion, satisfying the statutory-grounding criterion.

“Cada eleitor, apresentando-se perante a mesa, indica o número de inscrição no recenseamento e o nome e entrega ao presidente o bilhete de identidade, se o tiver. 2 — Na falta de bilhete de identidade, a identificação do eleitor faz-se por meio de qualquer outro documento oficial que contenha fotografia actualizada, ou através de dois cidadãos eleitores que atestem, sob compromisso de honra, a sua identidade, ou ainda por reconhecimento unânime dos membros da mesa.”

The statute exhaustively enumerates acceptable ID forms in a clear hierarchy: (1) identity card (bilhete de identidade), (2) any other official document with current photograph, (3) attestation by two eligible voter-citizens under oath, or (4) unanimous recognition by polling station members. The procedure is statutorily grounded with no discretion left to administrators regarding which forms are acceptable; all enumerated alternatives are available.

“Cada eleitor, apresentando-se perante a mesa, indica o número de inscrição no recenseamento e o nome e entrega ao presidente o bilhete de identidade, se o tiver. 2 — Na falta de bilhete de identidade, a identificação do eleitor faz-se por meio de qualquer outro documento oficial que contenha fotografia actualizada, ou através de dois cidadãos eleitores que atestem, sob compromisso de honra, a sua identidade, ou ainda por reconhecimento unânime dos membros da mesa.”

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section describes the postal voting procedure for overseas residents but does not address voter identification requirements or the availability of free alternative ID. It specifies that a photocopy of a citizen card or identity document must be enclosed with the ballot, but does not establish whether government-issued ID is required to vote, nor does it provide for any free alternative ID system. The identification-related content is procedural (how to include ID with mail-in ballot) rather than substantive policy on ID requirements or alternatives.

Article 87.º, Section 2 provides a clear statutory cure procedure for voters arriving without primary ID (bilhete de identidade). It enumerates three specific alternatives: (1) any official document with updated photograph, (2) attestation by two registered citizen-voters under oath, or (3) unanimous recognition by mesa members. The procedure is exhaustively defined in statute, not left to administrative discretion, and allows the voter to proceed to vote once identified through any of these pathways.

“Na falta de bilhete de identidade, a identificação do eleitor faz-se por meio de qualquer outro documento oficial que contenha fotografia actualizada, ou através de dois cidadãos eleitores que atestem, sob compromisso de honra, a sua identidade, ou ainda por reconhecimento unânime dos membros da mesa.”

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 114.º addresses appeals for procedural irregularities during voting and tabulation (reclamation/protest procedures), but does not address rejection of voter identification or the appeal procedure for voters rejected due to inadequate ID. The statute does not enumerate what forms of ID are acceptable, does not establish a cure procedure for rejected ID, and does not create a specific appeal pathway for ID-based rejection. This section concerns post-voting disputes about voting irregularities, not pre-voting or day-of ID validation and rejection.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section (Art. 79.º-G) addresses the postal voting procedure for Portuguese citizens residing abroad—specifically the mechanics of ballot transmission, envelope preparation, and voter marking. It contains no reference to registration deadlines or cutoff dates relative to election day. The criterion asks whether a registration cutoff is defined by statute; this section does not address registration procedure or deadlines at all.

No matching sections in corpus.

No matching sections in corpus.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 50.º addresses the powers of party delegates during voting and vote-counting operations, focusing on observer rights and document-signing authority. It contains no provision addressing voter registration rejection, removal, or any challenge/appeal mechanism for such administrative decisions. The statute deals with procedural oversight at the polling place, not with registration disputes or rejection procedures.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 13.º addresses the number and distribution of deputies among electoral districts using the d'Hondt method and publication timelines. It contains no provisions regarding voter roll maintenance, removal criteria, or any related administrative procedures. This section is entirely focused on apportionment of legislative seats, not registration or roll management.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 38.º governs the designation and challenge of polling station officials (mesa members), not voter registration or purges. It establishes a procedure for challenging the appointment of election officials and provides for administrative review by the municipal council president, but contains no provisions regarding voter registration maintenance, notice of removal from rolls, or cure procedures for voters facing purge.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 51 establishes administrative procedures for copying and accessing voter registry cadernos (poll books) but does not address data security, encryption, breach notification, or access logging. The section specifies *who* may access copies (poll workers and list delegates), *when* (two days before election, anytime for delegates), and *how* (authenticated copies), but contains no statutory codification of encryption standards, breach-notification protocols, or audit trails—the core elements of a data-security regime.

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 106.º-J concerns the general tabulation and consolidation of election results for overseas Portuguese voters and the composition of review assemblies. It does not address language assistance, bilingual ballots, or language-minority population thresholds. This section has no bearing on the criterion's topic.

Article 97 statutorily establishes the right of voters with manifest disease or physical disability to vote accompanied by another voter of their choosing, with explicit safeguards (fidelity guarantee and absolute secrecy obligation). The rule is set by statute, the role of the assistant is enumerated (another voter chosen by the disabled voter), and the core obligation (secrecy/fidelity) is defined. This satisfies the procedural-clarity criterion independent of whether the policy is strict or permissive.

“O eleitor afectado por doença ou deficiência física notórias, que a mesa verifique não poder praticar os actos descritos no artigo 96.º, vota acompanhado de outro eleitor por si escolhido, que garanta a fidelidade de expressão do seu voto e que fica obrigado a sigilo absoluto.”

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 34.º addresses appeal and review procedures for candidacy admission disputes—it governs the interposition and escalation of appeals to the Constitutional Court. It contains no provisions whatsoever concerning assistance for illiterate voters, ballot secrecy protections, or any related procedural safeguards. This section is entirely irrelevant to the criterion.

The section establishes polling-place closing hours by statute: voter admission closes at 19:00 (7 PM), and voting must cease once all registered or present voters have voted after that time. These operational deadlines are enumerated in the statute itself, not left to administrative discretion.

Article 98.4 confirms mail-in (voto postal) voting exists and references external articles (79.º-B through 79.º-G) that ostensibly contain procedural requirements. However, this section itself only addresses ballot invalidation conditions for mail-in votes, not the full procedure (application, deadlines, return mechanics, signature verification, cure pathways). The criterion requires the full procedure to be codified; this section provides only one component (invalidation standards) and relies on citations to other articles that are not provided for evaluation. Without the referenced articles in view, procedural completeness cannot be confirmed.

“Considera-se ainda nulo o voto antecipado e o voto postal quando o boletim de voto não chega ao seu destino nas condições previstas nos artigos 79.º-B, 79.º-C, 79.º-D, 79.º-E e 79.º-G ou seja recebido em sobrescrito que não esteja devidamente fechado.”

Article 106.º-I addresses procedural operations for counting absentee ballots from foreign residents (the 'how'), but does not codify the absentee framework itself—i.e., eligibility criteria, application procedures, deadlines for return, or initial acceptance/rejection rules. The section presumes absentees already exist and focuses exclusively on assembly operations post-receipt. Framework elements (who qualifies, how to apply, submission deadlines) must be found in other statutory provisions.

“As assembleias de recolha e contagem de votos dos eleitores residentes no estrangeiro iniciam os seus trabalhos às 9 horas do décimo dia posterior ao da eleição em local disponibilizado pela administração eleitoral da Secretaria-Geral do Ministério da Administração Interna”

Article 79.º-D establishes early in-person voting for hospitalized patients and prisoners with the period clearly defined in statute (between the 13th and 10th days before the election) and the locations specified as the hospital or prison establishments where eligible voters are located. The procedure is set by statute with enumerated rules for timing, notification deadlines, and location determination, satisfying the criterion's requirement that the early voting period and locations be statutorily grounded.

“Entre o décimo terceiro e o décimo dias anteriores ao da eleição, o presidente da câmara, em dia e hora previamente anunciados ao respetivo diretor e aos delegados das listas, desloca-se aos estabelecimentos onde se encontrem eleitores nas condições mencionadas no n.º 1”

No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Article 46.º addresses the designation and credentialing of poll delegates and substitutes for electoral assemblies and polling sections. It contains no provisions whatsoever regarding ballot drop-boxes, their placement, security, or chain-of-custody procedures. The section is entirely procedural for delegate appointment and does not engage with the criterion's topic.