ECIElection Campaign-Finance Index
How well is money in politics regulated and disclosed?
Dimensions
Contributions
50.0% · 2/3| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CONT.1Contribution limit framework codifiedIf contribution limits exist, are they set by statute (not administrative discretion)? If no limits, is that absence explicit in statute? | 0.5/150.0% | This section codifies that contribution limits exist and are binding on contributions to candidates and committees, but it does not enumerate the actual limits themselves—it only cross-references section 4. The statutory framework acknowledges limits exist, but the reader must consult another section to know what they are. For full satisfaction of CONT.1, the limits should be stated in statute directly, not purely by reference. “is subject to the limitations in section 4 of this chapter” | § view source 2026-06-13 |
| CONT.2Independent expenditure rulesAre independent-expenditure rules (third-party spending separate from candidate committees) codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | The section explicitly codifies independent-expenditure rules in statute by defining the record-keeping obligations for persons making independent expenditures, including the requirement to obtain and preserve receipted documentation for all such expenditures and a three-year retention period. This provides clear statutory grounding for independent-expenditure procedure without relying on regulation or administrative discretion. | § view source 2026-06-12 |
| CONT.3Anonymous-contribution treatmentAre anonymous contributions (cash below the threshold, etc.) addressed in statute with a defined disposition (returned, forfeited, etc.)? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus. | no FTS match 2026-06-12 |
Disclosure
40.0% · 2/5| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| DISC.1Disclosure threshold in statuteIs the disclosure threshold (amount above which contributions must be reported) defined in statute, not regulation? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses the administrative dissolution of committees by county election boards based on dormancy criteria (no expenditure reports in 3 years, cash on hand ≤$1,000). It does not define or address disclosure thresholds—that is, the dollar amount above which contributions must be reported. The criterion requires that disclosure thresholds be codified in statute; this section contains no such threshold definition. | § view source 2026-06-13 |
| DISC.2Enumerated filing scheduleIs the filing schedule (pre-election, post-election, quarterly, etc.) enumerated in statute with specific deadlines? | 0/10.0% | The section enumerates a specific annual filing schedule with precise deadlines (third Wednesday in January for certain committees; March 1 for party committees), satisfying statutory grounding and enumeration. However, this section addresses only annual reporting; DISC.2 asks whether the full filing schedule is enumerated, which typically includes pre-election, post-election, and/or quarterly reports. This statute covers only one reporting regime (annual), leaving the complete filing schedule incompletely specified in this section alone. | § view source 2026-06-13 |
| DISC.3Disclosure of contributor identityDoes statute require contributor name, address, occupation, and employer be disclosed for contributions above the threshold? | 1.5/275.0% | The statute requires name and address for all contributors exceeding the threshold ($100-$200), and occupation for contributors reaching $1,000. However, employer disclosure is not required at any threshold, and occupation disclosure is limited to the higher $1,000 threshold rather than the general threshold amount. This provides partial but incomplete identity disclosure compared to the full identity criterion. | § view source 2026-06-13 |
| DISC.4Public access to filingsAre campaign-finance filings legally required to be publicly accessible online within a defined time of filing? | 0.5/150.0% | The section establishes that filings are maintained on the secretary of state's or election division's website and creates a procedure for public access upon request. However, it does not specify a defined timeline for posting filings online after submission, does not mandate proactive public access (only reactive access through the circuit court clerk upon request), and does not explicitly require that filings be available online rather than merely that copies can be obtained from electronic records. The procedural clarity on public online accessibility is incomplete. | § view source 2026-06-13 |
Enforcement
75.0% · 3/4| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENF.1Penalty schedule codifiedAre penalties for campaign-finance violations defined in statute with specified amounts (civil) and/or criminal grades? | 2/2100.0% | The section establishes both criminal and civil penalties with specified amounts. Criminally, it assigns a Class B misdemeanor grade for reckless violation; civilly, it caps penalties at three times the excess contribution amount plus documented investigative costs. Both penalty types are enumerated in statute with quantified limits, satisfying the procedural requirement for a defined penalty schedule. | § view source 2026-06-13 |
| ENF.2Enforcement body independenceIs the enforcement body (election commission, attorney general, campaign-finance regulator) appointed by multi-branch process and protected from in-cycle political control? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses the procedural mechanics of filing compliance and notice requirements but does not establish or describe the independence, appointment structure, or political protection of the election division or county election boards that enforce campaign-finance rules. The criterion requires statutory grounding of enforcement-body independence and multi-branch appointment safeguards; this section is silent on those governance questions. | § view source 2026-06-13 |
| ENF.3Private right of actionDoes statute provide a private right of action (citizen or party suit) for campaign-finance violations? | 1/1100.0% | The statute explicitly grants any person the right to file a complaint regarding campaign-finance violations (Title III covers campaign finance). This establishes a statutory private right of action by permitting citizen suit without limiting filers to government officials or parties. The provision is codified in statute and does not delegate the right to administrative discretion. | § view source 2026-06-13 |
Foreign Source
50.0% · 2/4| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| FOR.1Foreign-source prohibitionIs direct foreign contribution to a candidate or campaign committee prohibited by statute? | 1/1100.0% | The statute provides a clear statutory definition that foreign nationals are prohibited sources for contributions. The definition directly establishes the prohibition required by FOR.1, grounding the foreign-source restriction in codified law rather than regulatory interpretation or administrative discretion. “"Prohibited source" is a foreign national.” | § view source 2026-06-12 |
| FOR.2Indirect / pass-through foreign rulesAre indirect foreign-source channels (foreign nationals via domestic entities, foreign-controlled LLCs, etc.) addressed in statute? | 1/250.0% | The statute addresses indirect foreign ownership through vendors by requiring disclosure of foreign nationals who directly or indirectly own or control vendors, with amendment requirements within 30 days. However, the section lacks enumeration of what ownership percentages trigger disclosure, what forms of 'control' qualify, how to verify ownership chains, and what penalties apply for false statements or non-compliance—leaving significant procedural and enforcement gaps. | § view source 2026-06-12 |
| FOR.3Foreign-source verificationAre campaign committees required by statute to verify contributors are not foreign-source (vs. relying on contributor self-attestation alone)? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus. | no FTS match 2026-06-12 |
Traceability
100.0% · 2/2| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| TRACE.1Records-retention requirementAre campaign committees required by statute to retain records (contributor lists, expenditure documentation, bank statements) for a defined period? | 1/1100.0% | The section explicitly requires treasurers and independent expenditure makers to retain receipted bills, cancelled checks, and proof of payment for expenditures, with a clear statutory retention schedule of three years or one year after committee dissolution (whichever is earlier). This satisfies the record-retention requirement by defining both the documents to be retained and the mandatory preservation period in statute. | § view source 2026-06-13 |
| TRACE.2Audit accessAre campaign-committee records subject to mandatory audit (post-election random sample, threshold-triggered audit, or routine cycle) under statute? | 1/1100.0% | The section establishes a mandatory statutory duty ('shall make') for the election division and county election boards to conduct audits and field investigations of campaign reports and statements. This creates a clear, codified audit-access requirement that supports the traceability of campaign-committee records, even though the statute does not specify the frequency, sampling method, or triggering threshold with granular detail. | § view source 2026-06-13 |