ECIElection Campaign-Finance Index
How well is money in politics regulated and disclosed?
Dimensions
Contributions
66.7% · 2/3| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CONT.1Contribution limit framework codifiedIf contribution limits exist, are they set by statute (not administrative discretion)? If no limits, is that absence explicit in statute? | 1/1100.0% | Vermont codifies a contribution-limit framework in Title 17, Chapter 61: § 2941 sets the contribution limits per source per election cycle, § 2943 provides that 'the contribution limitations contained in this subchapter shall be adjusted for inflation pursuant to the Consumer Price Index,' and § 2942 codifies the public-question exception. Statutory contribution limits codified. | § view source 2026-05-21 |
| CONT.2Independent expenditure rulesAre independent-expenditure rules (third-party spending separate from candidate committees) codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | Vermont codifies independent-expenditure rules: § 2922 requires each 'independent expenditure-only political committee' to register with the Secretary of State within 10 days of crossing the $500 threshold, § 2964 codifies its periodic reporting, and § 2944 codifies accountability for related campaign expenditures made on a candidate's behalf. Independent-expenditure committees are regulated by statute. | § view source 2026-05-21 |
| CONT.3Anonymous-contribution treatmentAre anonymous contributions (cash below the threshold, etc.) addressed in statute with a defined disposition (returned, forfeited, etc.)? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus (FTS returned 0 candidates) — concept not codified in this jurisdiction's election statute. | no FTS match 2026-05-21 |
Disclosure
80.0% · 4/5| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| DISC.1Disclosure threshold in statuteIs the disclosure threshold (amount above which contributions must be reported) defined in statute, not regulation? | 1/1100.0% | § 2963 codifies the disclosure threshold: the uniform campaign-finance reporting form must show 'the full name, town of residence, and mailing address of each contributor who contributes an amount in excess of $100.00, the date of the contribution, and the amount contributed,' with contributions of $100 or less reported in aggregate. A statutory itemization threshold is codified. “each contributor who contributes an amount in excess of $100.00” | § view source 2026-05-21 |
| DISC.2Enumerated filing scheduleIs the filing schedule (pre-election, post-election, quarterly, etc.) enumerated in statute with specific deadlines? | 1/1100.0% | § 2968 codifies an enumerated filing schedule for local candidates — reports '30 days before, 10 days before, four days before, and two weeks after the local election' — and § 2964 codifies the periodic-report schedule for State, General Assembly, and county candidates, committees, and parties. § 2965 codifies final / end-of-cycle reports and § 2967 a 24-hour report for large late contributions. Enumerated statutory filing schedule codified. | § view source 2026-05-21 |
| DISC.3Disclosure of contributor identityDoes statute require contributor name, address, occupation, and employer be disclosed for contributions above the threshold? | 1/250.0% | § 2963 requires the campaign-finance report to disclose, for each contribution over $100, the contributor's 'full name, town of residence, and mailing address,' the date, and the amount; § 2967 requires the same for large late contributions. Vermont thus mandates contributor name and address but does not require the contributor's occupation or employer (two of the four elements). | § view source 2026-05-21 |
| DISC.4Public access to filingsAre campaign-finance filings legally required to be publicly accessible online within a defined time of filing? | 1/1100.0% | § 2906 codifies public access to filings: for each election 'the Secretary of State shall develop and continually update a publicly accessible campaign database,' made available through the Secretary of State's online service (or by printed report on request within 14 days). Public online access to campaign-finance data is codified. “the Secretary of State shall develop and continually update a publicly accessible campaign database” | § view source 2026-05-21 |
Enforcement
0.0% · 0/4| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENF.1Penalty schedule codifiedAre penalties for campaign-finance violations defined in statute with specified amounts (civil) and/or criminal grades? | 0/20.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: The surfaced candidates (the campaign-finance affidavit, ballot return, and accountability for related expenditures) do not codify a campaign-finance penalty schedule. Vermont's civil-investigation and penalty provisions (e.g. § 2904) were not surfaced for this datapoint. | § view source 2026-05-21 |
| ENF.2Enforcement body independenceIs the enforcement body (election commission, attorney general, campaign-finance regulator) appointed by multi-branch process and protected from in-cycle political control? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: The surfaced candidates concern campaign-finance reports and the public-grant program. Vermont campaign-finance enforcement runs through the Attorney General and State's Attorneys (§ 2904) and reporting administration through the Secretary of State; no independent campaign-finance commission is codified. | § view source 2026-05-21 |
| ENF.3Private right of actionDoes statute provide a private right of action (citizen or party suit) for campaign-finance violations? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus (FTS returned 0 candidates) — concept not codified in this jurisdiction's election statute. | no FTS match 2026-05-21 |
Foreign Source
0.0% · 0/4| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| FOR.1Foreign-source prohibitionIs direct foreign contribution to a candidate or campaign committee prohibited by statute? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 2154 concerns the statewide voter checklist. No state-law prohibition on foreign-source campaign contributions was surfaced (foreign-national contributions are barred by federal law). | § view source 2026-05-21 |
| FOR.2Indirect / pass-through foreign rulesAre indirect foreign-source channels (foreign nationals via domestic entities, foreign-controlled LLCs, etc.) addressed in statute? | 0/20.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 2012 criminalizes wrongfully procuring changes to the voter checklist — unrelated to indirect or pass-through foreign-source campaign funding. No indirect-foreign-funding rule was surfaced. | § view source 2026-05-21 |
| FOR.3Foreign-source verificationAre campaign committees required by statute to verify contributors are not foreign-source (vs. relying on contributor self-attestation alone)? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 2103 is the definitions section. No foreign-source verification requirement for campaign contributions was surfaced. | § view source 2026-05-21 |
Traceability
0.0% · 0/2| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| TRACE.1Records-retention requirementAre campaign committees required by statute to retain records (contributor lists, expenditure documentation, bank statements) for a defined period? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: The surfaced candidates are definitions sections. No campaign-finance records-retention requirement with a defined retention period was surfaced for this datapoint. | § view source 2026-05-21 |
| TRACE.2Audit accessAre campaign-committee records subject to mandatory audit (post-election random sample, threshold-triggered audit, or routine cycle) under statute? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus (FTS returned 0 candidates) — concept not codified in this jurisdiction's election statute. | no FTS match 2026-05-21 |