ECIElection Campaign-Finance Index
How well is money in politics regulated and disclosed?
Dimensions
Contributions
33.3% · 1/3| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CONT.1Contribution limit framework codifiedIf contribution limits exist, are they set by statute (not administrative discretion)? If no limits, is that absence explicit in statute? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus. | no FTS match 2026-06-15 |
| CONT.2Independent expenditure rulesAre independent-expenditure rules (third-party spending separate from candidate committees) codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | The statute codifies independent-expenditure rules by defining the universe of actors subject to reporting (persons, candidate campaign committees, political committees), establishing monetary thresholds ($1,000 for statewide, $200 for other races) that trigger disclosure, specifying the content and purpose (express advocacy for election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate), and prescribing mandatory reporting deadlines (24 hours of expenditure or publication). The filing venue, electronic and written submission procedures, and cross-references to organizational statement requirements are also statutorily enumerated, providing clear procedural grounding independent from regulatory discretion. “Any person, candidate campaign committee, or political committee that makes independent expenditures, in the aggregate during an election cycle, of $1,000 or more for a statewide election or $200 or more for any other election shall maintain records and report pursuant to this chapter all such independent expenditures made for the purpose of expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate. Independent expenditure reports shall be due (i) within 24 hours of the time when the funds were expended or (ii) within 24 hours of the time when materials, as described in subsection A of this section, are published or broadcast to the public, whichever (i) or (ii) first occurs.” | § view source 2026-06-15 |
| CONT.3Anonymous-contribution treatmentAre anonymous contributions (cash below the threshold, etc.) addressed in statute with a defined disposition (returned, forfeited, etc.)? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus. | no FTS match 2026-06-15 |
Disclosure
80.0% · 4/5| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| DISC.1Disclosure threshold in statuteIs the disclosure threshold (amount above which contributions must be reported) defined in statute, not regulation? | 1/1100.0% | The statute explicitly defines tiered disclosure thresholds ($5,000 for statewide, $1,000 for General Assembly, $500 for other offices) and specifies the triggering window (11 days before an election through election day). The thresholds are codified in statute, not delegated to regulation or administrative discretion, and are enumerated with clarity as to office level and timing. “any single contribution of $5,000 or more for a statewide office, $1,000 or more for the General Assembly, or $500 or more for any other office, knowingly received or reported by the candidate or his treasurer on behalf of his candidacy on and after the eleventh day preceding (i) a primary and before the primary date, (ii) a general election and before the general election date, or (iii) any other election in which the individual is a candidate and before the election day, shall be reported in writing” | § view source 2026-06-15 |
| DISC.2Enumerated filing scheduleIs the filing schedule (pre-election, post-election, quarterly, etc.) enumerated in statute with specific deadlines? | 1/1100.0% | The statute explicitly enumerates a fixed quarterly filing schedule with specific calendar deadlines (April 15, July 15, October 15, January 15) and corresponding reporting periods. The deadlines and coverage dates are stated directly in statute without delegation to regulation or administrative discretion, meeting the procedural-clarity requirement for an enumerated filing schedule. “Political party committees shall file the prescribed campaign finance reports as follows: Not later than April 15 complete from the preceding report through March 31; Not later than July 15 complete from the preceding report through June 30; Not later than October 15 complete from the preceding report through September 30; and Not later than January 15 complete from the preceding report through December 31, and then continuing in accordance with this subsection until a final report is filed.” | § view source 2026-06-15 |
| DISC.3Disclosure of contributor identityDoes statute require contributor name, address, occupation, and employer be disclosed for contributions above the threshold? | 2/2100.0% | The statute explicitly requires disclosure of name, mailing address, occupation, and employer/principal business for contributors exceeding the $100 threshold. This satisfies the full-identity requirement enumerated in the statute. The requirements are mandatory and defined in the campaign finance report prescribed by the State Board. “the name of the contributor, listed alphabetically, the mailing address of the contributor, the amount of the contribution, the aggregate amount of contributions from the contributor to date, the date of the last contribution, the occupation of the contributor, the name of his employer or principal business, and the locality where employed or where his business is located” | § view source 2026-06-15 |
| DISC.4Public access to filingsAre campaign-finance filings legally required to be publicly accessible online within a defined time of filing? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 24.2-411 addresses the physical office, hours, and operational requirements of the general registrar—voter registration infrastructure. It does not establish any campaign-finance disclosure procedures, public-access requirements, filing timelines, or online accessibility standards for campaign-finance reports. The single reference to the 'Campaign Finance Disclosure Act of 2006' merely uses that statute as a deadline marker for office-closure restrictions, not as substantive campaign-finance procedure. | § view source 2026-06-15 |
Enforcement
50.0% · 2/4| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENF.1Penalty schedule codifiedAre penalties for campaign-finance violations defined in statute with specified amounts (civil) and/or criminal grades? | 2/2100.0% | The statute codifies a clear penalty schedule with both civil penalties (up to $25,000 for violations of Articles 2, 3, 4, and 5) and criminal penalties (Class 1 misdemeanor for willful violations). This satisfies the dual requirement of specified amounts and criminal grades, providing explicit statutory grounding for enforcement actions without delegating penalty determination to administrative discretion. “Any sponsor violating Article 2 (§ 24.2-956 et seq.) shall be subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $25,000. In the case of a willful violation, he is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.” | § view source 2026-06-15 |
| ENF.2Enforcement body independenceIs the enforcement body (election commission, attorney general, campaign-finance regulator) appointed by multi-branch process and protected from in-cycle political control? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section establishes the scope and exclusivity of Virginia's campaign-finance chapter but contains no provisions regarding the appointment, composition, or independence of any enforcement body. It does not address whether an enforcement authority exists, how it is appointed, whether multi-branch appointment procedures are in place, or what protections exist against political control. The section is purely jurisdictional and does not engage with enforcement-body governance at all. | § view source 2026-06-15 |
| ENF.3Private right of actionDoes statute provide a private right of action (citizen or party suit) for campaign-finance violations? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: This section addresses notification procedures for civil actions challenging election district boundaries, not campaign-finance violations or private rights of action for campaign-finance breaches. It contains no language establishing, enabling, or referencing a private right of action for any campaign-finance violation. | § view source 2026-06-15 |
Foreign Source
0.0% · 0/4| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| FOR.1Foreign-source prohibitionIs direct foreign contribution to a candidate or campaign committee prohibited by statute? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus. | no FTS match 2026-06-15 |
| FOR.2Indirect / pass-through foreign rulesAre indirect foreign-source channels (foreign nationals via domestic entities, foreign-controlled LLCs, etc.) addressed in statute? | 0/20.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 24.2-1006 concerns ballot assistance and voter conduct at polling places; it contains no language addressing foreign-source contributions, indirect channels, corporate-ownership tracing, or any mechanism for verifying the nationality or foreign control of entities making political contributions. This section is entirely outside the foreign-source campaign-finance framework. | § view source 2026-06-15 |
| FOR.3Foreign-source verificationAre campaign committees required by statute to verify contributors are not foreign-source (vs. relying on contributor self-attestation alone)? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: Section 24.2-948.1 addresses exemption procedures and reporting thresholds for local candidates, not foreign-source verification requirements. It contains no language requiring campaign committees or their agents to verify contributor nationality or implement procedures to exclude foreign-source contributions. The section does not engage with the foreign-source verification criterion at all. | § view source 2026-06-15 |
Traceability
50.0% · 1/2| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| TRACE.1Records-retention requirementAre campaign committees required by statute to retain records (contributor lists, expenditure documentation, bank statements) for a defined period? | 1/1100.0% | The statute explicitly mandates that treasurers retain specific records (bank statements, checks, bills, invoices, receipts for expenditures over $500) for a clearly defined period—through July 1 of the year following the election for nonincumbent candidates, and from swearing-in through July 1 post-election for incumbent candidates. This satisfies the statutory codification, enumeration, and temporal definition required for TRACE.1. “The treasurer shall be responsible for retaining all bank statements for, and copies of checks issued on, the campaign depository and bills, invoices, and receipts for any expenditure greater than $500. The treasurer for a nonincumbent candidate shall retain such records and materials for a period starting from the date of the designation of the campaign depository for the campaign through July 1 of the year immediately following the year of the election. The treasurer for incumbent candidates shall retain such records and materials for a period starting from the date that the incumbent was sworn into office for the term being served at the time of the election through July 1 of the year immediately following the year of the election.” | § view source 2026-06-15 |
| TRACE.2Audit accessAre campaign-committee records subject to mandatory audit (post-election random sample, threshold-triggered audit, or routine cycle) under statute? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus. | no FTS match 2026-06-15 |