EAIElectoral Access Index
How accessible is the franchise under codified procedure?
Dimensions
Administration
100.0% · 1/1| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADMIN.1Election administration independenceIs the election administration body's independence (appointment by multiple branches, fixed terms, balanced political composition) codified in statute or constitution? | 1/1100.0% | § 31.032 codifies that the county elections administrator is appointed by a county election commission composed of the county judge (chair), county clerk (vice chair), county tax assessor-collector (secretary), and the county chair of each political party that made nominations by primary — a multi-member, party-balanced appointing body requiring a majority vote. § 31.154 codifies the parallel joint elections commission. § 87.002 codifies a party-balanced early-voting ballot board. Statutory grounding of a balanced election-administration body codified. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
Eligibility
80.0% · 4/5| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ELIG.1Age and residency in constitutionAre the minimum age and residency requirements for voting set in the constitution (rather than statute alone)? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 20.006 and the qualified-voter definition in § 11.002 set the voting-age (18) and citizenship and residency requirements by statute. The ingested corpus is the Texas Election Code only; the constitutional grounding of voter qualifications (Tex. Const. Art. VI) is not within the corpus, so constitutional-rather-than-statutory grounding cannot be evidenced. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| ELIG.2Disqualification frameworkIf voters can be disqualified (felony, mental incompetence), are the criteria and the duration codified in statute, with a defined restoration procedure? | 3/3100.0% | § 11.002 codifies a complete disqualification framework with restoration: a 'qualified voter' must not have been finally convicted of a felony or, if so convicted, must have 'fully discharged the person's sentence, including any term of incarceration, parole, or supervision, or completed a period of probation,' or have been pardoned; and must not have been adjudged totally or partially mentally incapacitated without the right to vote. § 16.003 codifies felony-conviction abstracts and § 16.031 codifies cancellation. Criteria, duration, and restoration all codified. “fully discharged the person's sentence, including any term of incarceration, parole, or supervision, or completed a period of probation ordered by any court” | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| ELIG.3Restoration of voting rightsWhere rights are lost (e.g., post-felony), is the procedure for restoration codified, with statutory deadlines and automatic restoration where applicable? | 1/1100.0% | § 1.020 codifies restoration of voting rights after a mental-incapacity adjudication: a person is no longer subject to a voting disability once their mental capacity is 'completely restored by a final judgment of a court' or their guardianship is modified to include the right to vote. Felony voting rights restore automatically once the sentence is fully discharged under § 11.002(a)(4). Statutory restoration procedure codified. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
Identification
60.0% · 3/5| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ID.1Statutory groundingIf ID is required at any point in voting, is the requirement set in statute rather than regulation? If no ID is required, is that explicit in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 62.016 codifies the statutory voter-ID regime by requiring the presiding judge to post outside each polling location 'a list of the acceptable forms of identification' in at least 24-point font. The substantive requirement is set by statute in § 63.001 (a voter must present photo ID listed in § 63.0101(a)) and § 63.0101. The ID requirement is grounded in statute, not regulation. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| ID.2Enumerated acceptable IDsAre the acceptable ID forms exhaustively enumerated in statute, not left to administrator discretion? | 1/1100.0% | § 63.0101 exhaustively enumerates the acceptable forms of photo identification (Texas driver's license, election identification certificate, DPS personal ID, US military ID, US citizenship certificate, US passport book/card, DPS handgun license) and the acceptable non-photo documents accompanying a reasonable-impediment declaration. The acceptable IDs are fixed by statute, not left to administrator discretion. “The following documentation is an acceptable form of photo identification under this chapter” | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| ID.3Free alternative IDIf government-issued ID is required, is a free state-issued ID available by statute to anyone who lacks one? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 63.0101(a)(1) lists the 'election identification certificate' (Texas's free voter-ID card) as acceptable, but the provision making the EIC free of charge is codified in the Transportation Code (Ch. 521A), outside the Election Code corpus; no free-ID guarantee is surfaced within the Election Code for this datapoint. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| ID.4At-polls cure procedureIs the cure procedure for a voter who arrives without ID (provisional ballot, affidavit, return-with-ID, signature match) defined in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 63.011 codifies an at-polls cure procedure: a voter who cannot meet the ID requirement may cast a provisional ballot by executing an affidavit; § 63.001(i) codifies the reasonable-impediment declaration as an alternative; § 65.054 and § 65.0541 codify that a provisional ballot is accepted if the voter meets the ID requirement at casting or presents ID within the prescribed cure period. Comprehensive at-polls cure codified. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| ID.5Rejection appeal procedureIs the appeal procedure for a rejected ID (or rejected provisional ballot due to ID) codified in statute? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus (FTS returned 0 candidates) — concept not codified in this jurisdiction's election statute. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |
Registration
85.7% · 6/7| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| REG.1Statutory registration deadlineIs the registration cutoff relative to election day defined by statute (not regulation or administrative directive)? | 0.5/150.0% | § 16.0921(c) references the statutory voter-registration timeline — distinguishing applications submitted 'after the 75th day and prior to the 30th day before the general election.' The 30-day-before-election registration cutoff is codified in § 13.143 of the Election Code; the specific cutoff section did not surface for this datapoint, so the deadline is evidenced only by cross-reference. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| REG.2Enumerated registration methodsAre the available registration methods (in-person, mail, online, motor-voter, automatic, same-day where applicable) exhaustively enumerated in statute? | 0.5/150.0% | § 20.037 codifies registration through voter-registration agencies by mail and telephone-triggered mailing. The full enumeration of registration methods — personal delivery, mail, and telephonic facsimile (§ 13.002), motor-voter and agency registration (Ch. 20) — is codified, though REG.2's FTS surfaced mainly mail-ballot provisions; agency/mail registration is evidenced here. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| REG.3Cure procedure for incomplete registrationDoes statute define a cure procedure when a registration is rejected as incomplete? | 1/1100.0% | § 13.073 codifies a cure procedure for an incomplete registration application: the registrar must give written notice of the reason for rejection, and 'if the rejection is for incompleteness, the registrar shall return the application to the applicant for completion and resubmission'; if a completed application is received within 10 days, the original submission date is preserved for determining the effective registration date. “the registrar shall return the application to the applicant for completion and resubmission” | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| REG.4Rejection challenge rightIs the voter's right to challenge a rejected or removed registration codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 13.075 requires the registrar to notify a registration applicant of any challenge with 'a brief explanation of the applicant's right to a hearing on the challenge and the right to appeal the registrar's decision.' § 16.066 codifies the registrar's written determination of a challenge, § 16.094 the hearing notice, and § 16.036 the right to challenge a cancellation. The voter's challenge/appeal right is codified. “the applicant's right to a hearing on the challenge and the right to appeal the registrar's decision” | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| REG.5Roll-maintenance criteria in statuteAre the criteria for removing voters from rolls (death, change of address, inactivity) defined in statute, not regulation? | 2/2100.0% | § 18.068 codifies statutory roll-maintenance criteria: the secretary of state quarterly compares the statewide voter list against death records and jury-disqualification data to identify deceased, non-citizen and non-resident voters, with codified weak-match/strong-match safeguards to 'produce the least possible impact on Texas voters.' § 18.0681 codifies duplicate-record elimination and § 16.031 codifies the enumerated cancellation grounds (death, felony, mental incapacity, change of residence). Roll-maintenance criteria codified in statute. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| REG.6Pre-purge notice & cure periodIs a statutory notice-and-opportunity-to-cure required before a voter is removed from the rolls? | 1/1100.0% | § 16.0332 codifies a pre-purge notice-and-cure procedure: before cancelling a registration for a citizenship-status discrepancy, the registrar must deliver written notice requiring proof of citizenship, and only 'if a voter fails to submit to the registrar proof of citizenship on or before the 30th day after the date the notice is mailed' may the registrar cancel. § 15.052 codifies the parallel 30-day confirmation-notice cure. Notice-and-opportunity-to-cure codified. “If a voter fails to submit to the registrar proof of citizenship on or before the 30th day after the date the notice is mailed, the registrar shall cancel the voter's registration.” | § view source 2026-05-20 |
Roll Integrity
50.0% · 1/1| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ROLL.1Voter-data security & breach notificationIs the data security regime for the voter registry (encryption requirements, breach notification, access logs) codified in statute? | 0.5/150.0% | § 13.103 codifies physical security of the voter-registration files — they 'shall be kept in the registrar's office at all times in a place and manner ensuring their security' — and § 13.004 codifies confidentiality of sensitive voter data (social security, driver's license, and protected residence addresses) and bars posting it on a website. No encryption mandate or data-breach-notification regime is codified, so the data-security regime is only partially codified. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
Voter Assistance
83.3% · 3/3| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASSIST.1Language assistance thresholdAre the triggers for language assistance (bilingual ballots, language-minority population thresholds) codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 272.002 codifies an explicit statutory language-assistance threshold: bilingual (English/Spanish) election materials must be used in each election precinct in a county in which 'five percent or more of the inhabitants are persons of Spanish origin or descent according to the most recent federal decennial census.' § 272.001 mandates bilingual materials generally; § 272.004 extends them to early voting. Statutory trigger codified. “five percent or more of the inhabitants are persons of Spanish origin or descent” | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| ASSIST.2Disability assistanceIs the right to be assisted in voting by a person of the voter's choosing — and the rules for who may assist — codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 64.032(c) codifies the right to assistance by a person of the voter's choice: 'on the voter's request, the voter may be assisted by any person selected by the voter' other than the voter's employer, an agent of the employer, or a labor-union officer/agent. § 64.031 codifies eligibility for assistance; § 64.033 codifies how the ballot is read. The assistance right and the rules on who may assist are codified. “the voter may be assisted by any person selected by the voter” | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| ASSIST.3Illiteracy assistanceIs assistance for voters who cannot read codified, with a defined procedure protecting ballot secrecy? | 0.5/150.0% | § 62.0115 codifies, as part of the statutory voters'-rights notice, the right to 'receive assistance in casting the ballot if the voter cannot read the language in which the ballot is written.' The detailed procedure protecting ballot secrecy is codified in § 64.031-64.033 (eligibility for assistance includes inability to read the ballot language; two election officers or a person of the voter's choice provide it). The right is codified; the procedure is established by cross-reference. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
Voting Methods
58.3% · 4/6| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| VM.1In-person polling-place hoursAre polling-place opening and closing hours set by statute (not local administrative discretion)? | 0.5/150.0% | § 32.091 references the statutory election-day polling schedule — barring payment of judges/clerks 'for more than two hours of work before the polls open' and after 'the time for closing the polls.' Election-day polling hours (7 a.m.–7 p.m.) are fixed by statute in § 41.031 of the Election Code; the hours section itself did not surface for this datapoint, so statutory poll hours are evidenced by cross-reference. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| VM.2Mail-in voting procedureIf mail-in voting is permitted, is the full procedure (application, deadline, return, signature verification, cure) codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 86.005 codifies the procedure for marking and sealing a ballot voted by mail (mark per the envelope instructions, seal the ballot envelope inside the carrier envelope, sign the carrier-envelope certificate in ink). The full vote-by-mail procedure is codified across Ch. 84 (application), Ch. 86 (provision, marking, return), and Ch. 87 (signature verification and the § 87.0271 / § 87.0411 defect-cure procedures). Comprehensive mail-voting procedure codified. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| VM.3Absentee voting frameworkIs the absentee voting framework (eligibility, application, return, treatment) codified in statute? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus (FTS returned 0 candidates) — concept not codified in this jurisdiction's election statute. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |
| VM.4Early voting periodIf early in-person voting is permitted, is the early voting period and the locations rule set by statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 85.001 codifies the early-voting period (beginning on the 17th day — or, under the alternate text, the 12th day — before election day and running through the day before / fourth day before election day). § 85.005 codifies the required days and minimum hours, § 85.006 codifies Saturday/Sunday voting, and § 85.062-85.064 codify the locations rule. Early-voting period and locations set by statute. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| VM.5Drop-box procedureIf ballot drop-boxes are permitted, are placement, security, and chain-of-custody procedures defined in statute (not administrative directive)? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus (FTS returned 0 candidates) — concept not codified in this jurisdiction's election statute. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |
| VM.6Provisional ballot right & procedureIs the right to cast a provisional ballot, and the procedure for adjudicating it, codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 63.011 codifies the right to cast a provisional ballot (on executing an affidavit of registration and eligibility) for any voter who cannot be accepted under the regular procedure. § 65.054 codifies the early-voting ballot board's adjudication of provisional ballots, § 65.056 the disposition of rejected provisional ballots, and § 124.006 the secretary of state's prescription of the provisional-ballot form and procedures. Provisional-ballot right and adjudication codified. | § view source 2026-05-20 |