EAIElectoral Access Index
How accessible is the franchise under codified procedure?
Dimensions
Administration
100.0% · 1/1| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADMIN.1Election administration independenceIs the election administration body's independence (appointment by multiple branches, fixed terms, balanced political composition) codified in statute or constitution? | 1/1100.0% | § 13 codifies the municipal central election committee (kunnan keskusvaalilautakunta): appointed by the council, 5 members + ≥5 deputies, who 'as far as possible must represent the voter groups that nominated candidates in the previous municipal elections.' § 14 codifies its working procedure. § 10 codifies that within government the Ministry of Justice acts as the supreme election authority. § 12 codifies the constituency committee. Multi-tier administration codified with party-representation balance. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
Eligibility
40.0% · 2/5| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ELIG.1Age and residency in constitutionAre the minimum age and residency requirements for voting set in the constitution (rather than statute alone)? | 1/1100.0% | § 2 codifies voting eligibility: 'in parliamentary elections, the presidential election and European Parliament elections every Finnish citizen who turns 18 by election day at the latest has the right to vote.' § 2 also codifies EU-citizen voting at EP elections with a Finnish home municipality, and municipal-election eligibility. The Constitution of Finland § 14 provides constitutional grounding. Age + citizenship + residency codified. “Eduskuntavaaleissa, presidentinvaalissa ja europarlamenttivaaleissa on äänioikeutettu jokainen Suomen kansalainen, joka viimeistään vaalipäivänä täyttää 18 vuotta.” | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| ELIG.2Disqualification frameworkIf voters can be disqualified (felony, mental incompetence), are the criteria and the duration codified in statute, with a defined restoration procedure? | 1/333.3% | § 3 codifies vaalikelpoisuus (eligibility to be elected): eligibility for parliamentary elections and the presidency is laid down in the Constitution, and for municipal elections in the Local Government Act. § 164 codifies EP-election eligibility plus offices that bar membership. § 172 / § 174 codify candidate-application requirements. Disqualification framework codified though cross-referenced to the Constitution + Local Government Act. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| ELIG.3Restoration of voting rightsWhere rights are lost (e.g., post-felony), is the procedure for restoration codified, with statutory deadlines and automatic restoration where applicable? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |
Identification
40.0% · 2/5| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ID.1Statutory groundingIf ID is required at any point in voting, is the requirement set in statute rather than regulation? If no ID is required, is that explicit in statute? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |
| ID.2Enumerated acceptable IDsAre the acceptable ID forms exhaustively enumerated in statute, not left to administrator discretion? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |
| ID.3Free alternative IDIf government-issued ID is required, is a free state-issued ID available by statute to anyone who lacks one? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |
| ID.4At-polls cure procedureIs the cure procedure for a voter who arrives without ID (provisional ballot, affidavit, return-with-ID, signature match) defined in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 26 codifies itseoikaisu (self-correction): the Population Register Centre / local register office may, on its own motion, add a person to the voter register, mark them as ineligible, or correct an erroneous entry — by 12:00 on the 12th day before election day. § 24 codifies the voter's correction request (oikaisuvaatimus). § 28 codifies that even after the register becomes final a wrongly-excluded person may present proof to the polling committee. Comprehensive cure procedure codified. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| ID.5Rejection appeal procedureIs the appeal procedure for a rejected ID (or rejected provisional ballot due to ID) codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 27 codifies appeal to the regional administrative court (lääninoikeus) against a register-office decision rejecting a correction request. § 24 codifies the correction request itself. § 25 codifies the register-office decision deadline. § 102 / § 101 codify the broader election-appeal framework. Comprehensive rejection-appeal framework codified. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
Registration
85.7% · 6/7| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| REG.1Statutory registration deadlineIs the registration cutoff relative to election day defined by statute (not regulation or administrative directive)? | 1/1100.0% | § 28 codifies that 'the voter register becomes final at 12:00 on the 12th day before election day.' § 18 codifies that the Population Register Centre establishes the register by the 46th day before election day from Population Information System data as of the 51st day. § 23 codifies data-checking. § 24/§ 26 codify correction deadlines. Statutory register-establishment + finality deadlines codified. “Äänioikeusrekisteri on lainvoimainen 12. päivänä ennen vaalipäivää kello 12 lukien.” | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| REG.2Enumerated registration methodsAre the available registration methods (in-person, mail, online, motor-voter, automatic, same-day where applicable) exhaustively enumerated in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 18 codifies that 'the Population Register Centre establishes the voter register' automatically from the Population Information System — Finland uses AUTOMATIC registration; there is no separate registration step. § 28 codifies register finality. § 20 codifies presidential-election register use. § 29 codifies register use. Automatic register-based registration framework codified. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| REG.3Cure procedure for incomplete registrationDoes statute define a cure procedure when a registration is rejected as incomplete? | 1/1100.0% | § 26 codifies self-correction (itseoikaisu) by the register authority for erroneous entries. § 24 codifies the voter's written correction request. § 23 codifies data-checking. § 28 codifies the post-finality proof procedure at the polling committee. Comprehensive cure-for-incomplete-registration framework codified. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| REG.4Rejection challenge rightIs the voter's right to challenge a rejected or removed registration codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 24 codifies the correction-request (oikaisuvaatimus) right: anyone who considers they have been wrongly excluded from the voter register or that an entry concerning them is erroneous may submit a written request to the register office. § 25 codifies the decision. § 27 codifies appeal to the regional administrative court. § 23 codifies data-checking. Rejection-challenge right codified. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| REG.5Roll-maintenance criteria in statuteAre the criteria for removing voters from rolls (death, change of address, inactivity) defined in statute, not regulation? | 2/2100.0% | § 18 codifies the voter register's required contents (personal identity code, full name, constituency, home municipality, voting district, polling place). § 28 codifies finality and the limited post-finality correction. § 26 codifies self-correction. § 23 codifies data-checking against the Population Information System. § 162 codifies the Population Register Centre's notification duty. Comprehensive statutory roll-maintenance criteria codified. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| REG.6Pre-purge notice & cure periodIs a statutory notice-and-opportunity-to-cure required before a voter is removed from the rolls? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |
Roll Integrity
0.0% · 0/1| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ROLL.1Voter-data security & breach notificationIs the data security regime for the voter registry (encryption requirements, breach notification, access logs) codified in statute? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |
Voter Assistance
16.7% · 1/3| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASSIST.1Language assistance thresholdAre the triggers for language assistance (bilingual ballots, language-minority population thresholds) codified in statute? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |
| ASSIST.2Disability assistanceIs the right to be assisted in voting by a person of the voter's choosing — and the rules for who may assist — codified in statute? | 0.5/150.0% | § 190 codifies transport services for disabled voters to the polling or advance-voting station (per the Act on Services for the Disabled). § 55 codifies home-voting (kotiäänestys) preparatory measures for those whose mobility is restricted. § 46 codifies advance voting at care institutions for those in hospital/care. Disability-assistance framework codified though distributed across home-voting + transport provisions. | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| ASSIST.3Illiteracy assistanceIs assistance for voters who cannot read codified, with a defined procedure protecting ballot secrecy? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |
Voting Methods
66.7% · 4/6| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| VM.1In-person polling-place hoursAre polling-place opening and closing hours set by statute (not local administrative discretion)? | 1/1100.0% | § 68 codifies election-day polling hours: 'election-day voting begins at 09:00 and continues without interruption until 20:00,' with all voters in line by 20:00 entitled to vote. § 69 codifies the polling place. § 9 codifies advance-voting + election-day polling places. § 67 codifies simultaneous voting across all municipalities. Statutory polling hours codified. “Vaalipäivän äänestys aloitetaan kello 9, ja sitä jatketaan yhtäjaksoisesti kello 20:een.” | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| VM.2Mail-in voting procedureIf mail-in voting is permitted, is the full procedure (application, deadline, return, signature verification, cure) codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 47 codifies the advance-voting (ennakkoäänestys) period — beginning the 11th day before election day. § 4 codifies that elections comprise advance voting + election-day voting. § 46 codifies advance voting at home and at care institutions for those unable to attend a polling station. Finland's advance/postal-equivalent voting framework codified (postal voting from abroad available since 2019). | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| VM.3Absentee voting frameworkIs the absentee voting framework (eligibility, application, return, treatment) codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 46 codifies advance-voting rights: every eligible voter may advance-vote at domestic general advance-voting stations AND abroad at Finnish missions; voters in hospital/care institutions or prison may vote at those institutions; crew on a Finnish ship abroad may vote on the ship; voters with restricted mobility may vote at home. § 47 codifies the period. § 10 codifies that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs handles advance voting abroad. Comprehensive absentee-voting framework codified. “Jokainen äänioikeutettu saa äänestää ennakolta kotimaan yleisissä ennakkoäänestyspaikoissa ja ulkomailla Suomen edustustoissa.” | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| VM.4Early voting periodIf early in-person voting is permitted, is the early voting period and the locations rule set by statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 47 codifies the early/advance-voting period: 'advance voting begins on the 11th day before election day and ends abroad on the 8th day and domestically on the 5th day before election day.' § 4 codifies advance voting as a constituent part of every election. § 9 codifies advance-voting places. Comprehensive early-voting framework codified. “Ennakkoäänestys aloitetaan 11. päivänä ennen vaalipäivää sekä lopetetaan ulkomailla 8. päivänä ja kotimaassa 5. päivänä ennen vaalipäivää.” | § view source 2026-05-20 |
| VM.5Drop-box procedureIf ballot drop-boxes are permitted, are placement, security, and chain-of-custody procedures defined in statute (not administrative directive)? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |
| VM.6Provisional ballot right & procedureIs the right to cast a provisional ballot, and the procedure for adjudicating it, codified in statute? | 0/10.0% | No candidate sections returned by FTS. | no FTS match 2026-05-20 |