EAIElectoral Access Index
How accessible is the franchise under codified procedure?
Dimensions
Administration
100.0% · 1/1| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADMIN.1Election administration independenceIs the election administration body's independence (appointment by multiple branches, fixed terms, balanced political composition) codified in statute or constitution? | 1/1100.0% | § 405 codifies vacancy-filling for election boards with statutory party balance: judge of election from majority party, one inspector from each party. | § view source 2026-05-12 |
Eligibility
60.0% · 3/5| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ELIG.1Age and residency in constitutionAre the minimum age and residency requirements for voting set in the constitution (rather than statute alone)? | 1/1100.0% | PA Const. Art. VII § 1 codifies the qualifications of electors: U.S. citizenship for one month, 90-day state residence, 60-day election-district residence. Age 21 was constitutionally amended to 18 by Amendment XXVI; constitutional framing of qualifications. “Every citizen 21 years of age, possessing the following qualifications, shall be entitled to vote” | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| ELIG.2Disqualification frameworkIf voters can be disqualified (felony, mental incompetence), are the criteria and the duration codified in statute, with a defined restoration procedure? | 2/366.7% | § 1852 codifies statutory disfranchisement for 4 years upon conviction of willful Act violation, with immediate cancellation of registration card. Defined duration (4 years) implies automatic restoration after expiry — statute + statutory restoration. | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| ELIG.3Restoration of voting rightsWhere rights are lost (e.g., post-felony), is the procedure for restoration codified, with statutory deadlines and automatic restoration where applicable? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus (FTS returned 0 candidates) — concept not codified in this jurisdiction's election statute. | no FTS match 2026-05-12 |
Identification
70.0% · 4/5| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ID.1Statutory groundingIf ID is required at any point in voting, is the requirement set in statute rather than regulation? If no ID is required, is that explicit in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 206 codifies the ID-requirements framework in statute: SoS disseminates ID-requirement information; PennDOT issues a free identification card to electors who lack ID. Codified ID framework with free-ID provision. “the Department of Transportation shall issue an identification card described in 75 Pa.C.S. § 1510(b) at no cost” | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| ID.2Enumerated acceptable IDsAre the acceptable ID forms exhaustively enumerated in statute, not left to administrator discretion? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 1231 codifies registration deadline; not ID enumeration. | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| ID.3Free alternative IDIf government-issued ID is required, is a free state-issued ID available by statute to anyone who lacks one? | 1/1100.0% | § 206 explicitly codifies free state-issued ID: 'the Department of Transportation shall issue an identification card... at no cost to any registered elector who has made application therefor and has included with the completed application a statement signed by the elector declaring under oath or affirmation that the elector does not possess proof of identification.' | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| ID.4At-polls cure procedureIs the cure procedure for a voter who arrives without ID (provisional ballot, affidavit, return-with-ID, signature match) defined in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 1210(a.2) codifies the at-polls cure procedure: an elector unable to produce ID (indigent / any other grounds) or whose ID is challenged by the judge of election 'shall be permitted to cast a provisional ballot' with statutory cure path. “If any of the following apply, the elector shall be permitted to cast a provisional ballot” | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| ID.5Rejection appeal procedureIs the appeal procedure for a rejected ID (or rejected provisional ballot due to ID) codified in statute? | 0.5/150.0% | § 1210 codifies provisional-ballot cure for ID-rejected electors but does not enumerate a separate appeal procedure for the ID rejection itself. | § view source 2026-05-12 |
Registration
85.7% · 6/7| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| REG.1Statutory registration deadlineIs the registration cutoff relative to election day defined by statute (not regulation or administrative directive)? | 1/1100.0% | § 1231(b) codifies the 15-day pre-election registration deadline: 'In the case of voter registration with a motor vehicle driver's license application... if the valid voter registration application is received by the appropriate commission not later than fifteen days before the election' (similar 15-day rule for agency/in-person/mail). Statutory deadline. “received by the appropriate commission not later than fifteen days before the election” | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| REG.2Enumerated registration methodsAre the available registration methods (in-person, mail, online, motor-voter, automatic, same-day where applicable) exhaustively enumerated in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 1321 codifies the enumerated registration methods: in-person (§ 1322), driver's-license application (§ 1323), by mail (§ 1324), at government agencies (§ 1325). Exhaustive statutory enumeration. “An individual qualified to register to vote under section 1301(a)” | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| REG.3Cure procedure for incomplete registrationDoes statute define a cure procedure when a registration is rejected as incomplete? | 1/1100.0% | § 1508 codifies pre-election 'comparison and correction of registers' (starting 30 days before election) — the cure path for register errors. | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| REG.4Rejection challenge rightIs the voter's right to challenge a rejected or removed registration codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 1329 codifies challenge procedure: any individual may be challenged by a commissioner/registrar/clerk or by another qualified elector via a sworn affidavit. The challenged individual must respond in writing with evidence — defined procedure to contest registration. Note: this codifies CHALLENGE PROCESS (others challenging the voter), which when combined with § 1233 right of appeal codifies the elector's contestation framework. “An individual claiming the right to be registered may be challenged by a commissioner” | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| REG.5Roll-maintenance criteria in statuteAre the criteria for removing voters from rolls (death, change of address, inactivity) defined in statute, not regulation? | 1/250.0% | § 1901 codifies enumerated removal criteria (request, death under § 1505, residence change outside county, NVRA-compliant voter removal program). Statutory grounding for roll maintenance. No constitutional grounding visible — score 1 (statute only). “Commissions shall institute a program to protect the integrity of the electoral process” | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| REG.6Pre-purge notice & cure periodIs a statutory notice-and-opportunity-to-cure required before a voter is removed from the rolls? | 1/1100.0% | § 1901 codifies the voter removal program under NVRA, which mandates pre-removal confirmation notice with opportunity to cure (NVRA-compliance requirement). | § view source 2026-05-12 |
Roll Integrity
50.0% · 1/1| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ROLL.1Voter-data security & breach notificationIs the data security regime for the voter registry (encryption requirements, breach notification, access logs) codified in statute? | 0.5/150.0% | § 1309 codifies that absentee-ballot files are public records with 2-year retention BUT 'no proof of identification shall be made public, nor shall information concerning a military elector be made public which is expressly forbidden by the Department of Defense because of military security' — partial security/confidentiality codification. | § view source 2026-05-12 |
Voter Assistance
66.7% · 2/3| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASSIST.1Language assistance thresholdAre the triggers for language assistance (bilingual ballots, language-minority population thresholds) codified in statute? | 0/10.0% | No section in the FTS-surfaced candidates satisfies this criterion. Best signal: § 1327 codifies voter-registration application form contents; not multilingual ballot triggers. | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| ASSIST.2Disability assistanceIs the right to be assisted in voting by a person of the voter's choosing — and the rules for who may assist — codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 1504 codifies the eligibility framework for assistance based on blindness/disability/illiteracy with registration-card declaration procedure and termination of authorization when no longer needed. “If a registered elector by reason of blindness, disability or inability to read or write” | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| ASSIST.3Illiteracy assistanceIs assistance for voters who cannot read codified, with a defined procedure protecting ballot secrecy? | 1/1100.0% | § 1504 codifies assistance for 'inability to read or write' alongside blindness/disability — illiteracy expressly included. | § view source 2026-05-12 |
Voting Methods
58.3% · 4/6| Datapoint | Score | Rationale & evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| VM.1In-person polling-place hoursAre polling-place opening and closing hours set by statute (not local administrative discretion)? | 0.5/150.0% | § 1209 codifies opening-of-polls procedure (ballot-box opening, posting of instructions, seal-breaking) but the surfaced text does not include the statutory opening/closing hours (per PA § 1208, hours are 7 a.m.–8 p.m., not surfaced in this candidate set). | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| VM.2Mail-in voting procedureIf mail-in voting is permitted, is the full procedure (application, deadline, return, signature verification, cure) codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 1305 codifies the absentee/mail-in ballot delivery procedure: county BOE delivers/mails absentee ballots not later than 50 days prior to primary or 70/45 days prior to election depending on elector type, with 48-hour delivery rule for late applications. | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| VM.3Absentee voting frameworkIs the absentee voting framework (eligibility, application, return, treatment) codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 1302 codifies absentee-ballot application contents and process: home residence, citizenship duration, residency, date of birth, voting district, nature of employment, address to which ballot is sent. | § view source 2026-05-12 |
| VM.4Early voting periodIf early in-person voting is permitted, is the early voting period and the locations rule set by statute? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus (FTS returned 0 candidates) — concept not codified in this jurisdiction's election statute. | no FTS match 2026-05-12 |
| VM.5Drop-box procedureIf ballot drop-boxes are permitted, are placement, security, and chain-of-custody procedures defined in statute (not administrative directive)? | 0/10.0% | No matching sections in corpus (FTS returned 0 candidates) — concept not codified in this jurisdiction's election statute. | no FTS match 2026-05-12 |
| VM.6Provisional ballot right & procedureIs the right to cast a provisional ballot, and the procedure for adjudicating it, codified in statute? | 1/1100.0% | § 1210(a.2) codifies the provisional ballot right for electors unable to produce ID (indigent / any other grounds) or whose ID is challenged. | § view source 2026-05-12 |