CodeTitle 52 U.S. Code🇺🇸us

Title 52 — Voting and Elections

United States Code, Title 52 — Voting and Elections. Consolidates the Voting Rights Act, NVRA, UOCAVA, HAVA, and federal campaign finance statutes that apply to federal elections in all 50 states.

171 sections · status active

Sections

All 171 sections

Paginated view

§	Title	Length	Status
10101	Voting rights	25,547	active
10102	Interference with freedom of elections	1,323	active
10301	Denial or abridgement of right to vote on account of race or color through voting qualifications or prerequisites; establishment of violation	7,638	active
10302	Proceeding to enforce the right to vote	7,129	active
10303	Suspension of the use of tests or devices in determining eligibility to vote	28,367	active
10304	Alteration of voting qualifications; procedure and appeal; purpose or effect of diminishing the ability of citizens to elect their preferred candidates	7,270	active
10305	Use of observers	4,461	active
10306	Poll taxes	2,840	active
10307	Prohibited acts	4,767	active
10308	Civil and criminal sanctions	5,069	active
10309	Termination of assignment of observers	2,595	active
10310	Enforcement proceedings	3,467	active
10311	Impairment of voting rights of persons holding current registration	614	active
10312	Authorization of appropriations	503	active
10313	Separability	658	active
10314	Construction	1,181	active
10501	Application of prohibition to other States; “test or device” defined	1,485	active
10502	Residence requirements for voting	6,494	active
10503	Bilingual election requirements	8,219	active
10504	Judicial relief; civil actions by the Attorney General; three-judge district court; appeal to Supreme Court	1,930	active
10505	Penalty	870	active
10506	Separability	740	active
10507	Survey to compile registration and voting statistics	2,225	active
10508	Voting assistance for blind, disabled or illiterate persons	784	active
10701	Enforcement of twenty-sixth amendment	1,770	active
10702	“State” defined	588	active
20101	Congressional declaration of purpose	753	active
20102	Selection of polling facilities	2,346	active
20103	Selection of registration facilities	874	active
20104	Registration and voting aids	1,720	active
20105	Enforcement	1,263	active
20106	Relationship to Voting Rights Act of 1965	989	active
20107	Definitions	1,297	active
20301	Federal responsibilities	11,830	active
20301a	Duties of Secretary under Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act	1,623	active
20302	State responsibilities	22,097	active
20303	Federal write-in absentee ballot in general elections for Federal office for absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters	10,021	active
20304	Procedures for collection and delivery of marked absentee ballots of absent overseas uniformed services voters	4,241	active
20305	Federal Voting Assistance Program Improvements	2,093	active
20306	Prohibition of refusal of applications on grounds of early submission	2,870	active
20307	Enforcement	854	active
20308	Reporting requirements	5,606	active
20309	Effect on certain other laws	470	active
20310	Definitions	3,708	active
20311	Technology pilot program	5,929	active
20501	Findings and purposes	3,152	active
20502	Definitions	840	active
20503	National procedures for voter registration for elections for Federal office	3,036	active
20504	Simultaneous application for voter registration and application for motor vehicle driver’s license	3,884	active
20505	Mail registration	2,410	active
20506	Voter registration agencies	9,015	active
20507	Requirements with respect to administration of voter registration	14,405	active
20508	Federal coordination and regulations	3,040	active
20509	Designation of chief State election official	473	active
20510	Civil enforcement and private right of action	2,397	active
20511	Criminal penalties	1,524	active
20701	Retention and preservation of records and papers by officers of elections; deposit with custodian; penalty for violation	1,525	active
20702	Theft, destruction, concealment, mutilation, or alteration of records or papers; penalties	652	active
20703	Demand for records or papers by Attorney General or representative; statement of basis and purpose	839	active
20704	Disclosure of records or papers	732	active
20705	Jurisdiction to compel production of records or papers	585	active
20706	“Officer of election” defined	939	active
20901	Payments to States for activities to improve administration of elections	5,129	active
20902	Replacement of punch card or lever voting machines	6,465	active
20903	Guaranteed minimum payment amount	1,184	active
20904	Authorization of appropriations	1,899	active
20905	Administration of programs	475	active
20906	Effective date	538	active
20921	Establishment	895	active
20922	Duties	1,586	active
20923	Membership and appointment	3,279	active
20924	Staff	4,976	active
20925	Powers	2,148	active
20926	Dissemination of information	941	active
20927	Annual report	1,862	active
20928	Requiring majority approval for actions	762	active
20929	Limitation on rulemaking authority	558	active
20930	Authorization of appropriations	697	active
20941	Establishment	557	active
20942	Duties	935	active
20943	Membership of Standards Board	4,150	active
20944	Membership of Board of Advisors	3,363	active
20945	Powers of Boards; no compensation for service	3,195	active
20946	Status of Boards and members for purposes of claims against Board	962	active
20961	Technical Guidelines Development Committee	4,662	active
20962	Process for adoption	3,446	active
20971	Certification and testing of voting systems	4,316	active
20981	Periodic studies of election administration issues	6,044	active
20982	Study, report, and recommendations on best practices for facilitating military and overseas voting	2,757	active
20983	Report on human factor research	987	active
20984	Study and report on voters who register by mail and use of Social Security information	2,645	active
20985	Study and report on electronic voting and the electoral process	3,614	active
20986	Study and report on free absentee ballot postage	2,484	active
20987	Consultation with Standards Board and Board of Advisors	449	active
21001	Requirements payments	4,619	active
21002	Allocation of funds	1,915	active
21003	Condition for receipt of funds	7,304	active
21004	State plan	7,449	active
21005	Process for development and filing of plan; publication by Commission	1,213	active
21006	Requirement for public notice and comment	1,224	active
21007	Authorization of appropriations	1,125	active
21008	Reports	1,301	active
21021	Payments to States and units of local government to assure access for individuals with disabilities	1,722	active
21022	Amount of payment	657	active
21023	Requirements for eligibility	1,641	active
21024	Authorization of appropriations	694	active
21025	Reports	1,109	active
21041	Grants for research on voting technology improvements	3,961	active
21042	Report	668	active
21043	Authorization of appropriations	585	active
21051	Pilot program	3,922	active
21052	Report	668	active
21053	Authorization of appropriations	585	active
21061	Payments for protection and advocacy systems	5,013	active
21062	Authorization of appropriations	1,633	active
21071	National Student and Parent Mock Election	1,579	active
21072	Authorization of appropriations	487	active
21081	Voting systems standards	6,178	active
21082	Provisional voting and voting information requirements	5,092	active
21083	Computerized statewide voter registration list requirements and requirements for voters who register by mail	15,961	active
21083a	Access for congressional election observers	5,128	active
21084	Minimum requirements	1,243	active
21085	Methods of implementation left to discretion of State	829	active
21101	Adoption of voluntary guidance by Commission	1,136	active
21102	Process for adoption	718	active
21111	Actions by the Attorney General for declaratory and injunctive relief	919	active
21112	Establishment of State-based administrative complaint procedures to remedy grievances	4,174	active
21121	Establishment of program	945	active
21122	Activities under Program	1,473	active
21123	Authorization of appropriations	585	active
21131	Transfer of functions of Office of Election Administration of Federal Election Commission	614	active
21132	Transfer of functions	524	active
21133	Transfer of property, records, and personnel	1,369	active
21134	Effective date; transition	1,747	active
21141	“State” defined	746	active
21142	Audits and repayment of funds	4,457	active
21143	Review and report on adequacy of existing electoral fraud statutes and penalties	1,128	active
21144	Other criminal penalties	931	active
21145	No effect on other laws	3,884	active
30101	Definitions	39,087	active
30102	Organization of political committees	19,811	active
30103	Registration of political committees	6,227	active
30104	Reporting requirements	60,180	active
30105	Reports on convention financing	2,207	active
30106	Federal Election Commission	16,217	active
30107	Powers of Commission	7,864	active
30108	Advisory opinions	8,977	active
30109	Enforcement	25,371	active
30110	Judicial review	6,545	active
30111	Administrative provisions	22,826	active
30112	Maintenance of website of election reports	1,805	active
30113	Statements filed with State officers; “appropriate State” defined; duties of State officers; waiver of duplicate filing requirement for States with electronic access	6,036	active
30114	Use of contributed amounts for certain purposes	6,895	active
30115	Authorization of appropriations	2,779	active
30116	Limitations on contributions and expenditures	31,918	active
30117	Modification of certain limits for House candidates in response to personal fund expenditures of opponents	8,036	active
30118	Contributions or expenditures by national banks, corporations, or labor organizations	13,431	active
30119	Contributions by Government contractors	3,299	active
30120	Publication and distribution of statements and solicitations	7,926	active
30121	Contributions and donations by foreign nationals	3,211	active
30122	Contributions in name of another prohibited	1,060	active
30123	Limitation on contribution of currency	1,018	active
30124	Fraudulent misrepresentation of campaign authority	2,000	active
30125	Soft money of political parties	11,004	active
30126	Prohibition of contributions by minors	1,309	active
30141	Extension of credit by regulated industries; regulations	2,545	active
30142	Prohibition against use of certain Federal funds for election activities	2,882	active
30143	State laws affected	2,455	active
30144	Partial invalidity	1,171	active
30145	Period of limitations	2,585	active
30146	Collection and use of conference fees	1,059	active