§ 169.247Printed matter or radio or television paid advertisement having reference to

election, candidate, or ballot question; name and address; identification or disclaimer;
 size and placement; rules; exemption; statement that payment made "with regulated
 funds"; communication exempted under section 6(2)(j); violation as misdemeanor;
 penalty; prerecorded telephone message; artificial intelligence.
 Sec. 47.
    (1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection and subject to subsections (3) and (4), a
 billboard, placard, poster, pamphlet, or other printed matter having reference to an election, a
 candidate, or a ballot question, must display an identification that contains the name and
 address of the person paying for the matter. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection
 and subsection (5) and subject to subsections (3) and (4), if the printed matter relating to a
 candidate is an independent expenditure that is not authorized in writing by the candidate
 committee of that candidate, in addition to the identification required under this subsection,
 the printed matter must contain the following disclaimer: "Not authorized by any candidate
 committee". An individual other than a candidate is not subject to this subsection if the
 individual is acting independently and not acting as an agent for a candidate or any committee.


                                                                    Michigan Compiled Laws Complete Through PA 9 of 2026
Rendered Saturday, May 2, 2026                  Page 44 of 64                               Courtesy of legislature.mi.gov

 This subsection does not apply to communications between a separate segregated fund
 established under section 55 and individuals who can be solicited for contributions to that
 separate segregated fund under section 55.
    (2) A radio or television paid advertisement having reference to an election, a candidate, or
 a ballot question must identify the sponsoring person as required by the Federal
 Communications Commission, bear an identification that contains the name of the person
 paying for the advertisement, and be in compliance with subsection (3) and, except as
 otherwise provided by subsection (5), with the following:
    (a) If the radio or television paid advertisement relates to a candidate and is an independent
 expenditure, the advertisement must contain the following disclaimer: "Not authorized by any
 candidate".
    (b) If the radio or television paid advertisement relates to a candidate and is not an
 independent expenditure but is paid for by a person other than the candidate to which it is
 related, the advertisement must contain the following disclaimer:
  "Authorized by..............................................".
  (name of candidate or name of candidate committee)
 (3) The size and placement of an identification or disclaimer required by this section must be
 determined by rules promulgated by the secretary of state. The rules may exempt printed
 matter and certain other items such as campaign buttons or balloons, the size of which makes
 it unreasonable to add an identification or disclaimer, from the identification or disclaimer
 required by this section.
    (4) Except for a communication described in subsection (5) and except for a candidate
 committee's printed matter or radio or television paid advertisements, each identification
 required by this section must also indicate that the printed matter or radio or television paid
 advertisement is paid for "with regulated funds". Printed matter or a radio or television paid
 advertisement that is not subject to this act must not bear the statement required by this
 subsection.
    (5) A communication otherwise entirely exempted from this act under section 6(2)(j) is
 subject to both of the following:
    (a) Must contain the identification required by subsection (1), (2), or (7) if that
 communication references a clearly identified candidate or ballot question within 60 days
 before a general election or 30 days before a primary election in which the candidate or ballot
 question appears on a ballot and is targeted to the relevant electorate where the candidate or
 ballot question appears on the ballot by means of radio, television, mass mailing, or
 prerecorded telephone message.
    (b) Is not required to contain the disclaimer required under subsection (1) or (2).
    (6) A person who knowingly violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by
 a fine of not more than $1,000.00 or imprisonment for not more than 93 days, or both.
    (7) A prerecorded telephone message that in express terms advocates the election or defeat
 of a clearly identified candidate, or the qualification, passage, or defeat of a ballot question,
 must bear an identification that contains the name and telephone number, address, or other
 contact information of the person paying for the prerecorded telephone message, and must be
 in compliance with subsection (4). Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a
 prerecorded telephone message subject to this subsection is not required to contain a
 disclaimer. If the prerecorded telephone message is generated in whole or substantially by
 artificial intelligence, the prerecorded telephone message must contain the following
 disclaimer: "This message was generated in whole or substantially by artificial intelligence.".



                                                               Michigan Compiled Laws Complete Through PA 9 of 2026
Rendered Saturday, May 2, 2026              Page 45 of 64                              Courtesy of legislature.mi.gov